Bones of Upper Limb
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| Humerus | only bone in the anatomical arm; largest & longest bone in upper limb. Has head, surgical neck, greater and lesser tubercles, deltoid tuberosity, trochlea, olecranon fossa, medial and lateral epicondyles
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| Head | on proximal end of humerus; articulates with the glenoid cavity/fossa of scapula.
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| Surgical neck | narrow part just distal to head; is prone to fracturing
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| Greater and lesser tubercles | projections on proximal humerus to which rotator cuff muscles attach via tendons
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| Deltoid tuberosity | bump on shaft of humerus where the deltoid muscle is attached
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| Trochlea | spool-shaped process on distal humerus that fits into the trochlear notch of the ulna to comprise a very important aspect of the elbow joint
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| Olecranon fossa | depression on posterior, distal humerus into which the olecranon process of the ulna fits when the forearm is fully extended
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| Medial and lateral epicondyles | projections on distal humerus to which some muscles of the forearm attach.
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| Ulna | bone in medial side of forearm when in the anatomical position. Consists of trochlear notch, olecranon process. Separated from carpal bones by a disc of fibrocartilage and thus has very little involvement with wrist movements.
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| Trochlear notch | indentation into which the trochlea of the humerus fits, thus comprising an important aspect of the elbow joint.
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| Olecranon process | forms the posterior prominence of the elbow; fits into the olecranon fossa of the humerus when the elbow joint is fully extended
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| Radius | bone in lateral side of forearm when in the anatomical position. Has radial tuberosity, styloid process. Distal end articulates with 2 carpal bones, the scaphoid & lunate bones; significantly contributes to the wrist joint.
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| Radial tuberosity | bump to which one of the tendons of the biceps brachii attaches
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| Styloid process | pointy projection on distal radius; the radial artery passes it
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| Proximal radioulnar articulation | allows for rotations of the forearm known as pronation (forearm turned posteriorly) and supination (forearm is turned anteriorly). Distal end of the radius crosses over the ulna and the two bones form an “x”
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| Carpals | 8 short bones in each hand tightly joined by ligaments;2 rows to form carpus (wrist). Proximal part of hand. scaphoid and lunate bones;anterior concave arrangement covered by transverse carpal ligament/flexor retinaculum (carpal tunnel) making it crowded
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| Carpal tunnel syndrome | several tendons of anterior forearm muscles and median nerve make wrist very crowded; inflammation of tendons may lead to compression of median nerve resulting in symptoms in wrist.
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| Metacarpals | five bones in each hand that form the palm; distal heads form knuckles and articulate with proximal phalanges
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| Phalanges (singular phalanx) | 14 bones in the five digits of each hand. 3 bones in each-proximal, middle, distal) in each finger, except thumb (has two). Thumb = pollex.
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