AP Human Geography vocab chapter 12
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| Basic Industries | Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement
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| Business Services | Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services
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| Central Business District (CBD) | The area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered
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| Central Place | a market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area
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| Central Place Theory | a theory that explains the distribution of services; larger settlements are few and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther
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| City State | a sovereign state compromising a city and its immediate hinterland
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| Clustered Rural Settlement | a rural settlement in which the houses and farm building of each family are situated close to each other and fields surround the settlement
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| Dispersed Rural Settlement | a rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages
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| Economic Base | a community’s collection of basic industries
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| Enclosure Movement | the process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century.
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| Market Area (or hinterland) | the area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services
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| Nonbasic Industries | industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community
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| Primate City | the largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many peopleas the second ranking settlement
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| Primate City Rule | a pattern of settlements in a country, such athat the largest settlement has more than twice as many people the second ranking settlement
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| Public Services | services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses
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| Range (of a service) | the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service
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| Rank Size Rule | a pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement
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| Service | any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it
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| Settlement | a permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants
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| Threshold | the minimum number of people needed to support the service
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| Gravity Model | a model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location si directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people mus travel to reach the service
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| Consumer Services | businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retails services and education, health, and leisure services.
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