AP human geography chapter 1 vocab
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| agricultural density | the ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
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| arithmetic density | the total number of people divided by the total land area
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| base line | an east west line designated under the land ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the U.S.
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| cartography | the science of map making
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| clustered/centralized pattern | where houses and/or buildings are situated very close to each other
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| concentration | the spread of something over a given area
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| connections | relationships among people and objects without being connected
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| contagious diffusion | the rapid widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population
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| cultural ecology | geography that emphasizes human environment relationships
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| cultural landscape | changing natural landscape by a cultural group
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| culture | customs or beliefs shared amongst a group of people
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| density | the frequency within which something exists within a given unit of area
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| diffusion | the process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time
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| dispersed | isolated farms rather than clustered villages
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| distance decay | the diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin
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| distribution | the arrangements of something across earths surface
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| environmental determinism | 19th early 20th century approach to the study of geography arguing that the general laws found by human geographers were in physical science was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities
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| expansion diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process
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| formal region | an area that everyone shares in one or more characteristics
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| functional region | an area organized around a node or focal
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| geographic information system (GIS) | a computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data
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| global positioning system (GPS) | a system that determines the precise position of something on earth through a series of satellites tracking stations and receivers
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| globalization | actions that involve the entire world and result in making something into a worldwide focus
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| Greenwich mean time (GMT) | master reference time for all points on earth
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| hearth | the region from which innovative ideas originate
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| hierarchical diffusion | the spread of feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places
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| international date line | an arc that mostly follows 180 degrees longitude
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| land ordinance of 1785 | a law that divided much of the US into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers
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| latitude | used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator
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| location | the position of anything on earth
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| longitude | used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distances east and west of the prime meridian
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| map | a two dimensional representation of earths surface or a part of it
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| mental map | an internal representation of a portion of earths surface based on what an individual knows about a place containing personal impressions or what is in a place and where places are located
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| meridian | an arc drawn on a map between the north and south poles
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| nodal region | a region characterized by a set of places connected to another place by lines of communication or movement
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| parallel | a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians
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| pattern | the geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area
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| physiological density | the number of people per unit of area of land suitable for agriculture
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| place | a specific point on earth distinguished by a particular character
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| polder | land created by the dutch by draining water from an area
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| possibilism | the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of actions from many alternatives
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| prime meridian | line designated at 0 degrees longitude that passes through the royal observatory at Greenwich England
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| principal meridian | a north south line designated in the land ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the US
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| projection | a system used to transfer locations from earths surface to a flat map
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| region | an area with a unique combination of trends or features
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| regional studies | geography that shows the relationships among social and physical issues in a particular area
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| relocation diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another
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| remote sensing | the receiving of data about earths surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long distance method
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| resource | a substance in the environment that is useful to people is economically and technologically able to access and is socially acceptable to use
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| scale | the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on the earths surface
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| sections | a square normally one mile on a side the land ordinance of 1785 divided townships in the US into 36 sections
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| site | physical character of a place
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| situation | the location of a place relative to other places
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| space | the physical gap or interval between 2 objects
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| space time compression | the reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems
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| stimulus diffusion | the spread of an underlying principle even through a specific character is rejected
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| toponym | a name given to a portion of earths surface
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| township | a square normally 6 miles on a side the land ordinance of 1785 divided much of the US into townships
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| transnational corporation | company that conducts research operates factories and sells products in many countries not just where its headquarters are located
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| uneven development | the increasing gap in the economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy
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| vernacular region | an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity
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