general questions - gym instructor
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| origin of the muscle... | fixed end of the muscle attached to the bone that does not move as the muscle contracts. Contracting muscles move towards the origin
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| insertion of the muscle | the insertion is attached to the bone that moves as the muscle contracts. When a muscle contracts the insertion moves towards the origin.
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| opposing muscle to the tricep is the | bicep
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| opposing muscle group to the pectoralis major | trapezius/rhomboids
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| opposing muscle to the rectus adominus | erector spinea
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| opposing muscle to the hip flexors/rectus femoris | gluteus maximus
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| opposing muscle to the triceps | biceps
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| opposing muscle to the pectoralis major | trapezius/rhomboids
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| oppossing muscle group to rectus adominus | erector spinea
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| opposing muscle to the hip flexors/rectus femoris | gluteus maximus
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| opposing muscle group to the quadriceps | hamstrings
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| opposing muscle to the tibialis anterior | gastrocemius/soleus
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| opposing muscle to the deltoids | latissimus dorsi
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| the main muscle responisble for a movement is called the | agonist/prime mover
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| the opposite muscle that relaxes is called the | antagonist
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| muscles that help the movement are called | synergists
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| these muscles contract isometrically to stop movement what are they called | fixators
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| type one muscle fibres are which colour | red
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| type two fibres are which colour | white
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| what speed are the white fibres | fast twitch
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| what speed are the red fibres | slow twitch
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| white twitch have they got endurance and aerobic capacity | no
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| have red twitch got endurance and aerobic capacity | yes
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| have red twitch got strength and anaerobic capacity | no
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| flexion | decreasing the angle at a joint as in bending the knee
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| extension | the return of flexion increasing the joint angle as in straightening the knee
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| lateral flexion | bending to the side of the mid line of the body
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| lateral extension | the return of lateral flexion straightening to the mid line of the body
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| hyper extension | straightening beyond a person's natural range
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| horizontal flexion | decreasing the joint angle, bending on a horizontal plane, pulling the arms together across the chest as in a pec deck exercise
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| horizontal extension | the return of horixontal flexion as in straightening on a horizontal plan
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| abduction | taking a body part away from the mid line of the body as in lifting the arm or leg to the side
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| adduction | the return of abduction bringing a body part towards the midline of the body
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| rotation | one bone moving around another as in turning the head from side to side or twisting from the waist
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| circumduction | a large cone shaped circular movement possible at the hip and the shoulder
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| plantar flexion | pointing toe down
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| dorsi flexion | pointing toe up
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| elevation | lifing of the shoulder girdle as in shrugging
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| depression | the return of elevation lowering of the shoulder girdle
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| What does isometric mean? | a static contraction, there is no change in the length of the muscle and no joint movement involved. e.g pushing against a wall.
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| What does isotonic mean? | Dynamic or moving contraction. The muscle becomes shorter and fater and there is a movement at the joint it crosses. e.g. the upward and downward phase of a bicep curl.
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| Concentric and eccentric are related to what? | The two phases of an isotonic contraction.
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| Isometric muscle contractions: | useful in injury rehabilitation require less space requires little or no equipment
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| isotonic muscle contractions | develops strength through full range of movement develops motor fitness nerve to muscle co-ordination suitable for all levels of fitness
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| concentric phase is ... | when the muscle contracts to overcome a resistance and shortens. It is sometimes referred to the lifting positive or hard work pahse of an exercise eg the upward phase of the bicep curl.
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| eccentric phase is... | when the muscle is still contracting and lengthens. It is sometimes referred to as the lowering or negative or easier phase of exercise.
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