CHP8 Skeletal; Upper Extremity Bones and Their Markings
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| Clavicle | Collar bones; the shoulder girdle is joined to the axial skeleton by articulation of the clavicles with the sternum (the scapula does not form a joint aitht he axial skeleton)
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| Scapula | Shoulder blades; the scapulae and clavicles together make up the shoulder girdle
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| Superior border | Upper margin
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| Medial (vertebral) border | Margin toward the vertebral column
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| Lateral (axillary) border | Lateral margin, toward armpit or axilla
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| Spine | Sharp ridge running diagonally across the posterior surface of the shoulder blade
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| Acromion | Slightly flaring projection at the lateral end of the scapular spine; may be felt at the tip of the shoulder; articulates with the clavicle
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| Coracoid process | Projection on the anterior surface from the upper border of the bone; may be felt in the groove between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles, about 1 inch below the clavicle
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| Glenoid cavity | Arm socket
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| Humerus | Long bone of the upper part of the arm
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| Head (re: humerus) | Smooth, hemispherical enlargement at the proximal end of the humerus
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| Anatomical neck (re: humerus) | Oblique groove just below the head
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| Greater tubercle (re: humerus) | Rounded projection lateral to the head on the anterior surface
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| Lesser tubercle (re: humerus) | Prominent projection on the anterior surface just below the anatomical neck
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| Intertubercular groove (re: humerus) | Deep groove between the greater and lesser tubercles; the long tendon of the biceps muscle lodges here
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| Surgical neck (re: humerus) | Region just below the tubercles; so named because of its liability to fracture
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| Deltoid tuberosity(re: humerus) | V-shaped, rough area about midway down the shaft where the deltoid muscle inserts
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| Radial groove(re: humerus) | groove running obliquely downward from the deltoid tuberosity; lodges the radial nerve
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| Epicondyles (medial and laterl) (re: humerus) | Rough projections at both sides of the distal end
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| Capitulum (re: humerus) | Rounded knob below the lateral epicondyle; articulates with the radius; sometimes called the radial head of the humerus
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| Trochlea (re: humerus) | Projection with a deep depression through the center similar to the shape of a pulley; articulates with the ulna
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| Olecranon fossa (re: humerus) | Depression on the posterior surface just above the trochlea; receives the olecranon process of the ulna when the lower part of the arm extends
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| Coronoid fossa (re: humerus) | Depression on the anterior surface above the trochlea; receives the coronoid process of the ulna in flexion of the lower part of the arm
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| Radius | Bone of the thumb side of the forearm
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| Head (re: radius) | Disk-shaped process forming the proximal end of the radius; articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and with the radial notch of the ulna
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| Radial tuberosity (re: radius) | Roughened projection on the ulnar side, a short distance below the head; the biceps muscle inserts here
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| Styloid process (re: radius) | Protuberance at the distal end on the lateral surface (with the forearm in the anatomical position)
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| Ulna | Bone of the little finger side of the forearm; longer than the radius
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| Olecranon process (re: ulna) | Elbow
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| Coronoid process (re: ulna) | Projection on the anterior surface of the proximal end of the ulna; the trochlea of the humerus fits snuggly between the olecranon and the coronoid processes
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| Trochlear notch (re: ulna) | Curved notch between the olecranon and coronoid process into which the trochlea fits; also called semilunar notch
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| Radial notch (re: ulna) | Curved notch lateral and inferior to the semilunar notch; the head of the radius fits into this concavity
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| Head (re: ulna) | Rounded process at the distal end; does not articulate with the wrist bones but with the fibrocartilaginous disk
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| Styloid process (re: ulna) | Sharp protuberance at the distal end; can be seen from outside on the posterior surface
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| Carpal bones | Wrist bones; arranged in two rows at the proximal end of the hand; proximal row (from the little finger to thumb)- pisiform, triquetrum, lunate, and schapoid; distal row- hamate, capitate, trapezoid, and trapezium
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| Metacarpal Bones | Long bones forming the framework of the palm of the hand; numbered (from medial side) I, II, III, IV, V
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| Phalanges | Minature long bones of the fingers, three (proximal, middle, distal) in each finger, two (proximal, distal) in each thumb; numbered (from medial side) I (except first middle), II, III, IV, V
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