Saladin Digestive System
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| Digestive Functions | show 🗑
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| show | Food is taken into the mouth, chewed and swallowed
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| show | Involves mechanical & enzymatic breakdown of large food particles into microscopic nutrients that are able to be absorbed into the bloodstream
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| show | Nutrients are pulled across the intestinal wall and enter the bloodstream where they are transported to all cells of the body
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| Defecation | show 🗑
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| Two Parts of Digestive System | show 🗑
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| show | The large pieces of food that are ingested have to be broken into smaller particles that can be acted upon by various enzymes.
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| show | Uses water and digestive enzymes to break down the complex molecules.
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| Two Subdivisions of Digestive System | show 🗑
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| show | Alimentary canal: Is tube through which food passes. Function = digestion, absorption and elimination.Components = mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (bowel), large intestine (bowel, colon). The GI tract consists of the stomach and intest
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| Accesorry Organs | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Mucous
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis Externa
4. Serosa
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| Mucosa | show 🗑
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| show | In most areas of the digestive tract wall this layer consists of two layers of smooth muscle: an inner layer that has the muscle oriented circularly and an outer layer where the muscle is oriented longitudinally.
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| Relationship to the Peritoneum | show 🗑
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| show | * Lesser Omentum
* Greater Omentum
* Beyond the transverse colon, the Great Oment continues as a mesentary called mesocolon.
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| Motility/Secretion of Digestive Tract controlled by | show 🗑
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| show | Functions in the following: ingestion, taste , mastication, chemical digestion, speech, and respiration.
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| show | Enclosed by the cheeks, lips, palate, and tongue.
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| show | Retain food and push it between the teeth for mastication. They are essential for sucking and blowing actions.
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| The Tongue | show 🗑
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| Tonsils | show 🗑
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| show | Separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity
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| Two Parts of the Palate | show 🗑
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| show | An adult normally has 32 teeth, 16 in the mandible and 16 in the maxilla. Collectively, the teeth are called the dentition.
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| Teeth | show 🗑
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| show | 20 from ages 6 to 30 months
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| Permanent Teeth | show 🗑
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| show | Each tooth is embedded in a socket called an alveolus, forming a gomphosis between tooth and bone. The alveolus is lined by a periodontal ligament. The gum, or gingiva, covers the alveolar bone.
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| show | * Crown
* Root
* Neck
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| show | Dentin and Cementin
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| show | Enamel
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| show | Breaks food into pieces small enough to be swallowed and exposes more surface to the action of digestive enzymes
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| show | Moistens the mouth, digests a small amount of starch and fat, cleanses the teeth, inhibits bacterial growth,
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| show | 97% to 99.5% water and following solutes: salivary amylase, lingual lipase, mucus, lysozyme, immunoglobulin A, and electrolytes.
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| Extrinsic Salivary Glands | show 🗑
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| show | Mumps
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| show | Food stimulates tactile, pressure, and taste receptors, which transmit signals to the salivatory nuclei in the medulla oblongata and pons.
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| show | Has a deep layer of longitudinally oriented skeletal muscle & a superficial layer of circular skeletal muscle.
a. The circular muscle is divided into superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors, which force food downward during swallowing.
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| show | The esophagus is a straight muscular tube extending from the larynx to the stomach at the cardiac orifice.The inferior end of the esophagus is more constricted than the rest, forming a lower esophageal sphincter.
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| show | Swallowing, or deglutition, is a complex action involving over 22 muscles in the mouth, pharynx and esophagus. They are coordinated by the swallowing center, a nucleus in the medulla oblongata and pons
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| show | Buccal and Pharyngeal-esophageal phases.
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| Stomach | show 🗑
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| show | It functions primarily as a food storage organ. When empty, is has a volume of 50 mL. When very full, it may hold up to 4L.
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| Stomach divided into Four Regions | show 🗑
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| Innervation | show 🗑
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| Circulation | show 🗑
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| show | * Has tissue layers similar to those of the esophagus
* When the stomach is empty, the mucosa and submucosa form conspicuous longitudinal wrinkles called rugae.
* The gastric mucosa is pocked with depressions called gastric pits
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| show | Mucous cells secrete mucus; regenerative cells divide rapidly & produce cells; parietal cells secrete HCL acid & intrinsic factor; chief cells secrete rennin & lipase in infancy & pepsinogen throughout life; enteroendocrine cells secrete hormones
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| Gastric Secretions | show 🗑
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| Submucosa | show 🗑
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| Serosa | show 🗑
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| show | Most of a tooth consists of hard, yellowish tissue that is covered with enamel in the crown and neck and cementum in the root
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| show | Located w/i oral tissues, include the lingual glands embedded in tongue, labial glands on inner aspect of the lips, & buccal glands on the inside of the cheeks. They secrete relatively small amounts of saliva all the time to keep the mouth moist and inhi
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| Buccal | show 🗑
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| Pharyngeal-esophageal phases. | show 🗑
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| show | Mechanically breaks up food particles, liquefies the food, and begins the chemical digestion of proteins and a small amount of fat, producing a mixture of semidigested food called chyme.
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| Tongue Muscles | show 🗑
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| show | Speech
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| show | Food Manipulation
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