CHP8 Skeletal; Cranial Bones and Their Markings; Parietal and Temporal
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| Parietal Bone | Prominent, bulging bones behind the frontal bone; forms the top sides of the cranial cavity
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| Temporal Bone | Form the lower sides of the cranium and part of the cranial floor; contain the middle and inner ear structures
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| Squamous | Thin, flaring upper part of bone
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| Mastoid portion | Rough-surfaced lower part of the bone posterior to the external acoustic meatus
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| Petrous portion | Wedge-shaped process that forms part of the center section of the cranial floor between the sphenoid and occipital bones; name derived from Greek word for stone because of the extreme hardness of this process; houses the middle and inner ear structures
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| Mastoid process | Protuberance just behind the ear
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| Mastoid air cells | Mucosa-lined, air-filled spaces within the mastoid process
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| External acoustic meatus (or canal) | Tube extending into the temporal bone from the external ear opening to the tympanic membrane
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| Zygomatic process | Projection that articulates with the zygomatic (or malar) bone
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| Internal acoustic meatus | Fairly large opening on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the bone; transmits the eighth cranial nerve to the inner ear and the seventh cranial nerve on its way to the facial structures
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| Mandibular fossa | Oval-shaped depression anterior to the external acoustic meatus; forms the socket for the condyle of the mandible
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| Styloid process | Slender spike of bone extending downward and forward from the undersurface of the bone anterior to the mastoid process; often broken off in a dry skull; several neck muscles and ligaments attach to the styloid process
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| Stylomastoid foramen | Opening between the styloid and mastoid processes where the facial nerve emerges from the cranial cavity
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| Jugular fossa | depression of the undersurface of the petrous portion; dilated beginning of the internal jugular vein lodged here
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| Jugular foramen | Opening in the suture between the petrous portion and occipital bone; transmits the lateral sinus and ninth, tenth, and eleventh cranial nerves
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| Carotid canal (or foramen) | Channel in the petrous portion; best seen from the undersurface of the skull; transmits the internal carotid artery
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