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Chapter 6

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Question
Answer
What type of bone is made of osteons?   Compact bone  
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What type of bone is NOT made of osteons?   Spongy bone  
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Flat and irregular bones are primarily made of?   Spongy bone  
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The shaft of long bones oare made primarily of?   Compact bone  
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Compact bone forms what part of the long bone?   Shaft; diaphysis  
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Bone tissue is made of cells called?   osteocytes  
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The non-living part of bone tissue is called?   The Matrix  
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Bone matrix is made primarily of salts of?   Calcium and phosphorus  
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New bone matrix for growth is produced by cells called   Osteoblasts  
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Reabsorption of bone matrix is the function of the cells called?   Osteoclasts  
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The function of osteoblasts is to?   Produce bone matrix  
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The function of osteoclasts is to?   Reabsorb bone matrix  
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What three things does red bone marrow produce?   Red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), platelets  
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All kinds of blood cells pre produced in the?   Red bone marrow  
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The primary hemopoietic tissue is?   Red bone marrow  
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What type of bone marrow is found in the diaphysis of long bones, and is mostly adipose tissue?   yellow  
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The type of bone marrow that is found in flat and irregular bones is?   Red bone  
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The embryonic cranial bones are first made of what tissue?   Fibrous connective  
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The cells that produce bone matrix in the embryo are?   Osteoblasts  
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The fontanel of an infant skull are made of?   Fibrous connective tissue  
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Compression of a baby's head during birth is permitted by the presence of what between the cranial bones?   Fontanels  
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The embryonic humerus and femur are both made of?   Cartilage  
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In an embryonic long bone, the first center of ossification is in the?   diaphysis  
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In an embryonic long bone, the secondary centers are in the?   epiphysis  
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In a child's long bones, growth occurs at the?   Epiphyseal disc  
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On the epiphysis side of an epiphyseal disc, the process that is taking place is the?   Production of cartilage  
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On the diaphysis side of an epiphyseal disc, the process that is taking place is the?   Replacement of cartilage  
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Long bones stop growing when all of their cartilage has been replaced by?   Bone  
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The inherited maximum height a child can attain is called the?   Genetic potential  
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Calcium and phosphorus are nutrients necessary to become part of the bone?   Matrix  
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The nutrient needed for the absorbtion of calcium in the small intestine is?   Vitamin D  
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Two vitamins necessary for the calcification process in growing bones are?   Vitamin A Vitamin C  
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Protein in the diet is needed to form the ______ in the bone matrix of a growing child.   Collagen  
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The hormone that increases the reabsorbtion of calcium from bones is?   Parathyroid hormone; PTH  
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The hormone that decreases the reabsorbtion of calcium from bones is?   calcitonin  
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Calcium is need in the blood for the process of?   Clotting  
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The hormone in women that promotes closure of the epiphyseal discs is?   Estrogen  
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The hormone in men that promotes closure of the epiphyseal discs is?   Testosterone  
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The hormone that provides energy for bone growth from all three food types is?   Thyroxine  
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The hormone that provides energy for bone growth only from glucose is?   Insulin  
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The hormone that contributes to bone growth by increasing the rate of mitosis is?   Growth hormone  
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The hormones that contribute to bone growth by increasing the rate of protein synthesis are?   Thyroxine / Growth hormone  
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Two hormones that provide ATP production needed for growing bones are?   Insulin / Thyroxine  
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One function of the occipital a parietal bones is the same in that they?   Protect the brain  
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The bone that protects the receptors for hearing is the?   Temporal bone  
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Two bones that protect the eye are?   Frontal / spheniod; maxilla; lacrimal; ethmoid; zygomatic  
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The air cavities in the maxillae and frontal bones are called?   Paranasal sinuses  
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Two bones that contain paranasal sinuses are the?   Frontal / maxilla; sphenoid; ethmoid  
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The paranasal sinuses are lined with?   Ciliated epithelium  
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The mastoid sinus is in what bone? And opens to what cavity?   Temporal / middle ear  
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The skull is made lighter in weight by the presence of___________ in some of the bones.   Sinuses; air cavities  
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The sinus in the skull that does NOT provied resonance for the voice is the?   Mastoid  
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The heart and liver are protected from mechanical injury by the?   Rib cage  
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The manubrium and xiphoid process are both parts of the?   Sternum  
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The parts of the sternum are the?   Manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process  
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The ribs that articulate directly with the sternum are the?   True ribs  
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How many pairs of true ribs are there?   7  
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The ribs that articulate indirectly with the sternum are called?   False ribs  
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How many pairs of false ribs are there?   3  
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The ribs that do not articulate with the sternum are called?   Floating ribs  
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How many pairs of floating ribs are there?   2  
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The rib cage with its muscles is directly involved in the functioning of the?   Respitory system  
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How many vertebrae are there in the neck? And what are they called?   7 / thoracic vertebrae  
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The vertebrae posterior to the lungs are called thoracic vertebrae, and there are_______ of them.   12  
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The vertebrae in the small of the back are called lumbar vertebrae, and there are _______ of them.   5  
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The human spine has two sets of fused vertebrae; these are the?   Saccrum / coccyx  
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The sacrum is composed of five fused vertebrae, and articulates with the?   Hip bones  
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The vertebral column contains and protects the?   Spinal cord  
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The vertebrae are seperated and cushioned by?   Discs made of cartilage  
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The shoulder joint is formed by the?   Humerus and scapula  
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The hip joint is formed by the?   Femur and hip bone  
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The shoulder and hip joints are similar in that both are?   Ball and socket joints  
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The glenoid fossa and the acetabulum are both part of?   Ball and socket joints  
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The type of joint that permits the greatest range of movement is the?   Ball and socket joints  
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The type of joint that does not permit movement is the?   Suture  
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The humerus and ulna form what kind of joint?   Hinge joint  
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The femur and tibia form what kind of joint?   Hinge joint  
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The two pubic bones form what kind of joint?   Symphysis joint  
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The atlas and the axis form what kind of joint?   Pivot joint  
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The ulna and radius form what kind of joint?   Pivot joint  
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The metacarpal of the thumb and the adjacent carpal form what kind of joint?   Sadal joint  
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The parietal and temporal bones form what kind of joint?   Suture joint  
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The mandible and temporal bone form what kind of joint?   Condyloid joint  
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Gliding joints are found between __________, which are the bones of the wrist.   Carpals  
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A synovial joint is enclosed by the joint capsule, which is made of?   Fibrous connective tissue  
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In a synovial joint, the capsule is lined with synovial membrane, which produces?   Synovial fluid  
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The function of synovial fluid is to?   Prevent friction  
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Preventing friction in a joint cavity is the function of?   Synovial fluid  
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The bone surfaces in a synovial joint are smooth because of the presence of?   Articular cartilages  
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The function of a bursa in joint is to permit the sliding of what?   Tendon  
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Of pivot, saddle, and suture joints, which one is not a synovial joint?   Suture  
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Of condyloid, gliding, and symphysis joints, which one is not a synovial joint?   Symphysis  
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The structures that connect bone to bone are?   Ligaments  
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Ligaments are made of what kind of tissue?   Fibrous connective  
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