Science
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| Werner Heisenberg | German theoretical physicist; made contributions to quantum mechanics;best known for asserting the uncertainty principle of quantum theory. important contributions to nuclear physics, quantum field theory, and particle physics.
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| Theory of Relativity | (physics) the theory that space and time are relative concepts rather than absolute concepts
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| Uncertainty Principle | measurement of 1 of 2 related,observable quantities,as position & momentum or energy & time,creates uncertainties in the measurment ofthe other,such thatthe product ofthe uncertainties of both quantities is =to or> than h/2π,where h='s Plancks constant
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| Quantum Theory | a theory in physics based on the concept of the subdivision ofradiant energy into finite quanta and applied to numerous processesinvolving transference or transformation of energy in an atomic ormolecular scale
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| William Paley | English Anglican priest, Utilitarian philosopher, and author ofinfluential works on Christianity, ethics, and science, among themthe standard exposition in English theology of the teleological argument for the existence of God.
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| Natural Theology | revealed religion fideism Compare revelation the attempt to derivetheological truth, and esp the existence of God, from empiricalfacts by reasoned argument.
theology based on knowledge of the natural world and on humanreason, apart from revelation.
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| Auguste Comte | French philosopher remembered as the founder of positivism; he also established sociology as a systematic field of study
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| Positivism | a philosophical system founded by Auguste Comte, concerned with positive facts and phenomena, and excluding speculation upon ultimate causes or origins
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| Charles Darwin | British naturalist who proposed the theory of evolution based on natural selection (1858). Darwin's theory, that random variation of traits within an individual species can lead to the development of new species, revolutionized the study of biology
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| On the Origin of Species | On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life ) a treatise (1859) by Charles Darwin setting forth his theory of evolution.
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| Natural Selection | the process by which forms of life having traits that better enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures, as predators, changes in climate, or competition for food or mates, will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers than others of
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| Theory of Evolution | the change over time in the proportion of individual organisms differing in one or more inherited traits.
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| Descent of Man | book on evolutionary theory by Charles Darwin, first published in 1871.In The Descent of Man, Darwin applies evolutionary theory to human evolution, and details his theory of sexual selection.
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| Social Darwinism | Social Darwinists argued that social progress resulted from conflicts in which the fittest or best adapted individuals, or entire societies, would prevail. It gave rise to the slogan “survival of the fittest.
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| Charles Lyell | Scottish geologist who is considered one of the founders of modern geology. He is most famous for his principle of uniformitarianism, as first set forth in his three-volume Principles of Geology (1830-1833).
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| William Roentgen | was a German physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range today known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.
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| J.J. Thompson | British physicist & Nobel laureate.is credited for the discovery of the electron and of isotopes,&the invention of the mass spectrometer.
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| Ernest Rutherford | He discovered the atomic nucleus and named the proton. Rutherford demonstrated that radioactive elements give off three types of rays, which he named alpha, beta, and gamma, and invented the term half-life to measure the rate of radioactive decay.
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| Max Planck | German physicist who in 1900 formulated quantum theory, which explained and predicted certain phenomena that could not be accounted for in classical physics.
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| Albert Einstein | German-born American theoretical physicist whose theories of Special Relativity (1905) and General Relativity (1916) revolutionized modern thought on the nature of space and time and formed a theoretical base for the exploitation of atomic energy.
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