People, places and things related to Africa and the Middle East
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| Afghanistan | Kabul
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| Algeria | Algiers
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| Jomo Kenyatta | 1940s- Founds Kenya African National Union. Prez of Kenya. W- capitalism. Pan-Africanism.
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| Kenya African National Union | Focuses on economic issues. Seeks Independence for Kenya.
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| Mau Mau Movement | Kenya. Kikuyu people using terroism to get uhuru from British. Causes alarm and promises.
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| Uhuru | Freedom
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| Wafd | Egypt. Formal political party to promote Egypt independence.
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| King Farouk | Egypt. Overthrown by army coup (1952). Indept. republic instead. Intellectuals as opposed to monarcy as colonial rule.
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| Egypt | Wafd. King Farouk. Intellectuals fickle.
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| Kenya | Mau Mau movement. Kikuyutribe.Terrorism. After WW2- lotta Brits leave Br b/c too depressing, go to Kenya. Jews too. Kenyatta- W-capitalism. Big middle class, but high unemployment- so lots below poverty line. unhappyness.
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| South Africa | European settlers dominate. Form African National Congress (ANC). Apartheid. Caste system. Whites. Mixed. Blacks. Opressed.After imprisonment and a lot of world pressure, Mandela becomes president b/c after Zimbabwe goes- too hard. deKlerk gives it to Man
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| African National Congress | South Africa. INtellectuals start. Little support. Equality. Reforms. Mandela-leader.
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| Apartheid | segretation of blacks and whites. Blacks rebel- brutally repressed.
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| Nelson Mandela | leader of ANC, arrested in 1962. Arrest>armed resistance. Elected as prez of S. Africa, after campaigning against apartheid. Unity.
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| Algeria | Arabs fighting for indept. de Gaulle lets go. 1962-indept. Colons are trying to keep control. Such an issue in homeland- almost civil war. Degaulle just lets go of.
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| Tunisia | wins indept from France in 1956 b/c of Algeria struggle.
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| Morocco | wins indept from France in 1956 b/c of Algeria struggle.
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| Ghana | Old Gold Coast. Kwame Nkrumah. President.African Socialism. Big Man Rule. (Nkrumah.)
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| Mozambique/Angola | Portuguese colonies. Given indept. After brutal guerilla wars.Freemelo (revoltion group). Swapo- get Soviet support.
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| General Mobutu Sese Seko | Zaire/DR Congo. W. capitalism. Leader. Dictator.
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| DR Congo/ Zaire | Mobuto Sese Seko- W-capitalism. Dictator. Favors the N. Muslim tribes> civil war- Katanga- copper minds want to break away. Lumba- leader w/ Katanga. Rwand troubles bleed in. Kabilla takes over.
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| Sékou Touré | Guinea. African Socialism. Pan-Africanism.
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| Guinea | Sékou Touré. African Socialism.
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| Tanzania | Julius Nyerere. African Socialism. Nyerere sets up colectives, low levels of corruption and instability.
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| Julius Nyerere | Tanzania. African Socialism.
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| Organization of African Unity | Founded by 32 African leaders in 1963. Dream of Pan-Africanism. Reduce W. influence.
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| Pan-Africanism | Unity of all black Africans regardless of national boundaries.
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| Negritude | Blackness. Belief of Pan-Africanism.
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| Uganda | Lots of resources. "Pearl of Africa". Can't keep stable. Like Argentina- so close and yet..1966- President Milton Obote names Idi Amin in charge of army. 1951- siezes control and rules w/ iron fist. Wastes money on luxuries. Arab plane, israeli rescue tak
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| Idi Amin | 1951- takes control of Uganda. Secret police. Iron fist rule. Ruins economy w/ luxuries. Big man rule. "Mein Kamph". Rapes 100s of women. Father of future generation. Secret Torture chamber. Calls church leader to "tea". Forces amry to invade Tanzania, fl
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| Liberia | Dependence on rubber exports ruins economy. Child/Boy soldiers. Freestate. People w/ Power. Br and Us support, people not from tribes>resentment>civil war and military rule.
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| Nigeria | oil export dependence. Civil war- N. killing Ibo people, flee to E part where Odumegu-Ojukwu organizes Ibos, decalres E. Biafra. After 3 years- bloody Biagran Civil war- surrender. Used boy soldiers and desertification.Added Muslim population..
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| Wabenzi | Mercedes Benz people. Rich w/ lavish lifestyles.
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| Angola | Soviet-style Marxism-Leninism.
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| Ethiopia | Societ-style Marxism-Lenisn. Solski. Meninstsu. Dragged into Cold War politics. Soviets influence. Solski pro-west, supply military and Menists take over.
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| Ibo | Natives of E. Nigeria. Attacked by N.ers - retreat to E. Create own home state of Biafra- after 3 years of bloody war- surrunder.
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| Biafra | Nigeria. State that Ibos and Colonel Odumegu-Ojukwu establish w/ Ibo people are being persecuted.
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| Colonel Odumegu-Ojukwu- | Nigeria. Head of whol Ibo/Biafra mess.
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| Zimbabwe | Ethnic conflic.1 party rule- white minority.Once Rodisia. Want to keep white pople rule. Ian Smith- keeps wealthy white sin power. 1970s- being to protest single party. Devestment. Smith resigns- Mugabe- keeps whites in charge. Dictatorial. Poor people on
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| Rwanda | Hutus and Tutsis. Hutu rampage leaves .5 million TUtsis dead. Hutus larger, Tutsis the rich minority. Resentment- leader of Tutsis killed Hutus go wild. Tribal warfare.
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| Afrikons | S. Africa and Dutch. Mixed. White, but not- don't really have a homeland. Somtimes encourage prejudice. Don't quite have any home.
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| Big Man Rule | Dictatorship. Makes his tribe "the" tribe. Brutal. Ethnic Cleansing.
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| African Issues | No experience w/ democracy. Corruption. Arbitrary borders. Military expenses.Desertification. Cashcrop economy. Population growth. AIDS.
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| Desertification | spread of Sahara into Sudan. Displacing people. Major drought area. Fills up other areas. Muslims going into Christian/Animalistic Areas.
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| Madagascar | Indian/Arabic population from trade.
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| E Coast | INdian mostly. From trade. Middle class, forced to leave, ruins economy.
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| Baby Faye | 1970s. Transplants baboon's heart. Works and then rejects. Like W. institutions.
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| 1 party states. | Kenya. Ghana. Zimbabwe. Uganda.
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| Somalia | Pro-west. Soviets supply different warloards. Take over> civil war.
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| Ujamaa | family hood/ African socialims. Growth of industry thwarts.
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| Chad and Sudan | civil war. N/Muslim/nomadic populaiton and Christian/animalistic in cities and control the governemnt. Resent and Soviets supply teh Muslims>civil war.
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| Ian Smith | Zimbabwe. White dictator. Keeps white rich rule. Overthrown in 1979. Resigns.
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| Robert Mugabe | Zimbabwe. promises to keep whites in charge. People begin squatting- refuses to let them leave. The whites.
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| Lesotho and Swaziland | reservations. Diff tribes.
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| Namibia | colony of S Africa, who invades when thinks is going to black rule. German colony- upper class is traditional German dress.
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| Zionist Movement | 1899. Desire for Jewish State. T. Herzl.
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| T. Herzl | starts Zionism movement.
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| Husayn-McMahon Letters | 1915-1916. Arab/British. Promises of an Arab state.
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| Sykes-Picot Agreements | 1916. French-Br. Sets up the Mandate System. Split up Land between them two.
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| Balfour Declartion | Br- need Jewish support- Irish rebelling- make vague statement about Jewish homeland.
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| Druze | broke away from main-stream Muslim. Get more rights in Jewish States.
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| General Arab Strike | 1936. Protest what is happeneing. New culture. Against Br. Br write white paper and slow immigration.
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| Haganah | moderate, Jewish defensive group.
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| Irgun | agressive militanat Jewish devensive group.
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| Lehi | militia Jewish defense group. More agressive.
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| UN Partition Plan | UN splits up Palestine. 1947.
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| Arab-Israeli War | 5/15/1948. Arab League invades..
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| David Ben-Gurion | proclaims Israeli a state 5/4/1948.
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| Egypt | Not Arab state, but Farouk (36) supports the Arabs. Sends troops agains Israel. Nasser comes into charge. Republic. Suez Canal.
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| Nasser | Egypt. Takes over after Farouk. Supports arabs. Reforms. Nationalizes Zuez Canal. >Suez War. Arab Socialism. Natinoalizes the Aswam High Dam, US gets mad- stops aid and USSR steps in.
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| Suez War | 1956. B/c Egypt Nationalizes the canal. THem agains Fr. and Br.
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| AIW- Palestineans flee | Massacre (dier yassun). Women and Children. Vans goings around. Terror.
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| Dier Yassun | Part of Irgun. Massacres women and children. Leads to Palestineans fleeing. Massive terror.
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| Law of Return | Any Jews granted citizenship in Israel. Arab countries expel teh Jews.
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| Suez-Sinai War | Egypt Nationalizes Dam and Seuz. Br and Fr and Israel all freel threatned- so attacks Sinai. All angry at them. US tells Israel to give back. Causes Pan-Arabism and UAR.
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| United Arab Republic | 1958-1962. Caused by SSW. Egypt and Syria - Jordon doesn't want part. Syria doesn't want to be underdog.
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| Brinksmanship | Nasser. Pushing the envelope.
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| Six Day War | 1967. June 5. Nassar's brinkmanship of blocking Gulf of Aquaba. Fails. Troops blocking harbor, Israel attacks. Wipes out airforce. Spins and attacks Jordan/Sytria too. Gains Golan, W. Ban, Sinai. Hostipe population.
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| Palestinean Liberation Organization | PLO. From Pan-Africanism. No Jews in Palestine. Guerilla movement- alFatah- lead by Arafat. Diehards take over. Munich Olympics 1972. Uganda Airline. Jordan 3 plans blow up. Lebanon support in refugee camps.
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| Fatah | part of PLO. More radical. Terrorist attacks on Israel. Lead by Arafat. People turn to this when govt. not working.
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| Arafat | Leader of Fatah. Radical part of PLO. Rather moderate leader. Wants peace. Sell-out. Losing power.
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| Sadat | Takes over after Nassar. Wants peace treaty. Tries Unity. KNows needs peace for making Egypt big.
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| Camp David Accords | Carter. Begin (Israel's Prime Minister). Carter too. Peace between Egypt and Israel.
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| intifada | Rising unrest in PLO. Skating off. Beginning of P. uprising. Youth no jobs. Not necessarily terrorist. World gives support. Fighting for future.
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| Madrid Talks | 1992. Public. Palest and Israel embroked by the UN.
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| Oslo Accords | secret. 2 moderate rulers ready for peace.
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| Rabeen | labor party. Moderate. Israel. Ready for peace. Assassinated b/c sold out.
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| 242: UN: Land for Peace | Give land for guarentees of peace. Doesn't really work.
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| Moshe-Dyan | Israel. Doesn't trust Egypt. Rejects offer. B/c Sadat changes tune again. Attacks and invades.>Yom Kippur War.
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| Yom Kippur War | 1973. Surprise attack. Backfires and turns Israelis off to peace. All concentrated and beat Arabs. Angry at lack of prep.
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| Golda Mier | prime minister of Israel. Peoplea ngry at her for lack of preparation.
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| Oil Crisis | Oil Embargo. Stagflation. Carter. Saudi-Arabi- most oil. Use oil prices as a weapon for US to back down Israel support. Libya gets rich off oil.
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| Palestine Authority | 1993. Gaza Strip. West Bank agrea. Israel has foreign power. Palestine domestic.
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| Hamas | and other radicals step up on terrorism. Angry at both sides for selling out. Rival to PLO.
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| Likud vs. Labour | Likud- conservative- makes stuff worse. Labour- socialist, moderate- makes changes for better.
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| Religious situation | Some want secular. Some want conservative union of state and religion. Mainstream and old jews. All mixing.
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| Settlements | Israel putting people on oldP. Land. Colectives. Do go thing. Infastructure. Colonizing.
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| Lebanon Civil War | Civil war from refugees. Suni Muslims. Shiite Muslimes. Marinite Christians. All want power. I back Suni and Christian. Syria and PLo support Shiite. Biig mess. Peace from UN.
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| Iran | big oil crisis. use prices as weapon to abandon support.Connection w/ W. w/ Shah Pahlavi. Brutal. Largely Shiites. Aruges w/ Iraq. A lot.
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| S'vak | Shah Pahlavi's secret police.
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| Shah Pahlavi | Iran. In power w/ US help. Corrupt. Oil. Things better.
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| The Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini | Iran. Poeople look to. Comes to power after Pahlavi. Anti-West. Reinstates traditional stuff. Veil. Fundamentalism. Massive commi/homo killing. Teocracy. Fundamentalism.
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| Afghanistan | Fundamentalism spreads and teh USSR invades. US funds the Taliban for fighting USSR. Unequality for women.
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| Hussein | Iran refuguee in Iraq. Ba'ath party. Socialist. Goes against Shiites in Iraq. Against the Kurds.
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| 10 Year War | Iraw and Iran. Iran thinks Iraq not pure Muslims. Iran attacks. Iraq wins. Chemical weapons and stuff.
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| Turkey | Major Human Rights issues. Kurds.
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| Kuiwait War | Iraw attacks Kuwait w/ lots of oil. US ally. B/c used to belong to Ira1. Slant Drilling. Huss joins, but then SA joins. Fundamentalism rises.
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| Kurds | US encourages the Kurds to rebel. Hussein hits w/ chemical weapons. Kills all kids. US loses interest.
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| Fundamentalists | Government isn't doing the job people turn to fundamentalists.
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| Gulf War | Iran surrounded by enemies. Hussein in Iraq. Iraq attacks. Poison gas on civilians. 10 years.
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| Iraq | Hussein. Mostly Sunnites. Has Kurdish rebellion supported by Iran. Attacks. After war. Hussein goes to Kuwait- and invades. Bush interferes.
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