Upper Extremity Forearm and Hand
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| List the muscles in the superficial layer (from lateral to medial) of the forearm flexor compartment | pronator teres , flexor carpi radialis , Palmaris longus , flexor carpi ulnaris
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| Flexor carpi ulnaris function | flexes and aDducts the wrist joint
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| Flexor carpi ulnaris innervations | ulnar nerve
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| Flexor carpi ulnaris blood supply | ulnar
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| Flexor carpi radialis function | flexes and aBducts wrist
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| Flexor carpi radialis innervations | median nerve
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| Flexor carpi radialis blood supply | ulnar artery
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| Palmaris longus action | flexes wrist joint & resists shearing force when gripping
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| Palmaris longus innervations | median nerve
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| Palmaris longus blood supply | ulnar artery
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| Pronator teres function | pronation
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| Pronator teres innervations | median nerve
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| Pronator teres blood supply | ulnar artery
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| What muscle is in the intermediate flexor compartment? | flexor digitorum superficialis
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| Flexor digitorum superficialis function | flexes proximal interphalangeal joints of index, middle, ring and little fingers. Can also flex metacarpophalangeal joints of same fingers and wrist
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| What are the muscles of the deep flexor compartment? | flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadrates
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| flexor digitorum profundus function | flexes distal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the index, middle, ring and little fingers and wrist
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| flexor digitorum profundus innervations | lateral-median anterior interosseus, medial –ulnar
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| flexor digitorum profundus blood supply | Ulnar and anterior interosseous artery
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| flexor pollicis longus function | flexes interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
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| flexor pollicis longus innervations | median anterior interosseus nerve
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| flexor pollicis longus blood supply | anterior interosseous artery
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| pronator quadrates function | pronation
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| pronator quadrates innervations | median anterior interosseus nerve
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| pronator quadrates blood supply | anterior interosseous artery
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| Brachioradialis: Innervation | Radial Nerve.
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| Brachioradialis: Blood Supply | Radial artery
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| Brachioradialis: Action | accessory flexor of elbow joint when forearm is midpronated
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: Innervation | Radial nerve.
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: Blood Supply | Radial artery
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: Action | Extend and aBduct hand at the wrist joint.
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: Innervation | Deep branch of the radial nerve.
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: Action | Extend and aBduct the hand at the wrist joint
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| Extensor Digitorum: Innervation | Posterior Interosseous Nerve
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| Extensor Digitorum: Blood Supply | Posterior Interosseous artery.
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| Extensor Digitorum: Action | Extends medial four digits and wrist
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| Extensor Digiti Minimi: Innervation | Posterior Interosseous Nerve, a continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve.
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| Extensor Digiti Minimi: Blood Supply | Posterior Interosseous artery.
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| Extensor Digiti Minimi: Action | extends little finger
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| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Innervation | Posterior Interosseous Nerve
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| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Blood Supply | Posterior Interosseous artery.
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| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Action | Extends and adducts the hand at the wrist joint
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| Supinator: Innervation | posterior interosseous nerve
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| Supinator: Blood Supply | Posterior Interosseous artery and Radial Recurrent artery.
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| Supinator: Action | Supinates forearm
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| Abductor Pollicis Longus: Innervation | Posterior Interosseous Nerve
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| Abductor Pollicis Longus: Blood Supply | Posterior Interosseous artery.
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| Abductor Pollicis Longus: Action | Abducts thumb and extends it at the carpometacarpal joint.
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| Extensor Pollicis Longus: Innervation | Posterior Interosseous Nerve, a continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve. "
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| Extensor Pollicis Longus: Blood Supply | Posterior Interosseous artery.
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| Extensor Pollicis Longus: Action | Extends distal phalanx of the thumb at interphalangeal joint; extends metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints.
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| Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Innervation | "Posterior Interosseous Nerve, a continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve. "
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| Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Blood Supply | Posterior Interosseous artery.
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| Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Action | Extends proximal phalanx of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint; extends carpometacarpal joints.
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| Extendor Indicis: Innervation | Posterior Interosseous Nerve, a coninuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve. "
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| Extensor Indicis: Blood Supply | Posterior Interosseous artery.
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| Extensor Indicis: Action | Extends index finger
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| Palmaris brevis: Innervation | superficial br. of the ulnar n
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| Palmaris brevis: Blood Supply | ulnar a.
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| Palmaris brevis: Action | improves grip
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| Opponens Pollicis: Innervation | Recurrent branch of the Median Nerve.
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| Opponens Pollicis: Blood Supply | Superficial palmar branch of the Radial artery.
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| Opponens Pollicis: Action | rotate thumb medially.
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| Abductor Pollicis Brevis: Innervation | Recurrent branch of the Median Nerve.
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| Abductor Pollicis Brevis: Blood Supply | Superficial palmar branch of the Radial artery.
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| Abductor Pollicis Brevis: Action | Abducts the thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint
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| Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Innervation | Recurrent branch of the Median Nerve.
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| Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Action | Flexes the thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint.
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| Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Blood Supply | Superficial palmar branch of the Radial artery.
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| Adductor Pollicis: Innervation | Deep branch of the Ulnar nerve.
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| Adductor Pollicis: Action | Adducts the thumb
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| Adductor Pollicis: Blood Supply | Deep palmar arterial arch.
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| Abductor Digiti Minimi: Innervation | Deep branch of the Ulnar nerve.
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| Abductor Digiti Minimi: Blood Supply | ulnar artery.
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| Abductor Digiti Minimi: Action | Abducts little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint
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| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: Innervation | Deep branch of the Ulnar nerve.
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| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: Action | Flexes little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint
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| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: Blood Supply | ulnar artery
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| Opponens Digiti Minimi: Innervation | Deep branch of the Ulnar Nerve.
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| Opponens Digiti Minimi: Blood Supply | Ulnar artery.
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| Opponens Digiti Minimi: Action | laterally rotates metacarpal 5
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| Lumbricals: Innervation of lateral 2 | Median Nerve
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| Lumbricals: Innervation of medial 2 | Deep branch of Ulnar Nerve.
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| Lumbricals: Action | "Flex metacarpophalangeal joints while extend interphalangeal joints
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| Lumbricals: Blood Supply | Branches of superficial palmar arterial arches.
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| Dorsal Interossei (1-4): Innervation | Deep branch of the Ulnar Nerve.
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| Dorsal Interossei (1-4): Action | aBduction of index, middle, and ring fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints
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| Dorsal Interossei (1-4): Blood Supply | dorsal and palmar metacarpal aa
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| Palmar Interossei (1-3): Innervation | Deep branch of the Ulnar Nerve.
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| Palmar Interossei (1-3): Action | aDduction of thumb, index, and ring and little fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints
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| Palmar Interossei (1-3): Blood Supply | palmar metacarpal aa.
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| Name the two joints between the ulna and radius | proximal and distal radio-ulnar joint
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| Which of the forearms bones is thick at the top and thin at the bottom | ulna
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| Flexor digitorum superficialis blood supply | ulnar arteries
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| Flexor digitorum superficialis innervations | median nerve
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| What is the membrane between ulna and radius? | interosseous membrane
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| What are the bones in the proximal row of the carpals from lateral to medial? | scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
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| What are the bones in the distal row of the carpals from lateral to medial? | trapizium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
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| What is the diagnosis of someone with a break in the fifth metacarpal bone? | boxer's fracture
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| What ligaments reinforce the metacarpophalangeal joints? | palmar ligament and collateral ligaments
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| What ligaments connects the palmar ligament? | transverse metacarpal ligaments.
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| What is the flexor retinaculum? | thick connective tissue ligament that bridges medial and lateral sides of the base of the arch
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| Which tendons pass through the carpal tunnel? | flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicus longus
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| What nerve is affected by carpal tunnel syndrome? | median nerve
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| What nerve, artery and tendon pass above the carpal tunnel? | The ulnar nerve and artery and palmaris longus.
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| What artery is laterally adjacent to the scaphoid and enters the snuff box? | radial
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| What tendons are on the posterior side of the wrist? | extensor digitorum and extensor indicis
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| What tendons are on the medial side of the wrist? | extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor digiti minimi
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| What tendons are on the lateral side of the wrist? | abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus and brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
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| What muscles make up the borders of the anatomical snuff box? | Lateral:APL, EPB
Medial:EPL
Floor:scaphoid, trapezium and ECRL and ECRB
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| Why does an infection of the synovial sheats not spread when it enters digits 2-4? | synovial sheats ends at metacarpals
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| Why does an infection of the synovial sheats spread when it enters digits 1 or 5? | These sheaths are continuous with the sheaths of the tendons in the carpal tunnel.
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| What nerves and muscles goes through the thenar eminence? | median nerve, opponins pollicus, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis
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| What nerves and muscles goes through the hypothena eminence? | ulnar nerve, opponens, flexor, abductor digiti minimi
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| What goes through the thenar space? | adductor pollicus and Ulnar
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| What goes through the mid palmer space? | FDS, FDP, median and ulnar nerves
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| What nerve is injured and what symptoms occur from a supracondylar fracture? | Median nerve injured. Weak wrist flexion, ulnar deviation and flexion of 4 and 5 digit, atrophy of thenar eminence. OAF muscles lost. Benediction hand when making fist. Sensory loss on palmar and dorsal 2,3,4 1/2 and palmar thumb.
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| What nerve is injured and what symptoms occur from a Colle's fracture? | LLOAF pollicis muscles gone: thenar emminence atrophy, loss of thumb fine movements and opposition
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| How can you find out if a patient has carpel tunnel syndrome? | Phalen's Test or Tinel's test
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