Eyes and Ears
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| Structures of the Inner Ear (3) | Vestibule, Cochlea, Semicircular Canals
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| The Vestibular Apparatus is composed of what two Inner Ear structures? | Vestibule and Semicircular Canals
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| Structures of the External Ear (5) | Auricle, Helix, Lobule, External Acoustic Meatus, Tympanic Membrane
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| Structures of the Middle Ear (7) | Malleus, Incus, Stapes, Oval Window, Round Window, Pharyngotympanic Tube, Epitympanic Recess
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| What are the two muscles located in the Middle Ear? | Tensor tympani: stabilizes the eardrum via the malleus Stapedius: stabilizes the stapes
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| What does the Oval Window do? | Leads to the inner ear; holds the stapes
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| What is the importance of the Pharyngotympanic tube? | Leads to the nasal cavity; is normally closed but opens in order to equilibrate external air pressure with pressure inside the ears
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| Three chambers of the Cochlea | Scala Vestibuli, Scala Tympani, Cochlear Duct
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| What structures make up the Bony Labyrinth? | Vestibule, Cochlea, Semicircular Canals
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| What type of fluid is the Bony Labyrinth filled with? | Perilymph: similar to CSF
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| What type of fluid is the Cochlear Duct filled with? | Endolymph: similar to ICF
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| What is the helicotrema? | a region located at the cochlear apex that connects the perilymph containing scala vestibuli and the scala tympani
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| What is the sensory organ that is located in the cochlea? | Spiral Organ of Corti: located in the cochlear duct
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| Properties of Conduction Deafness | Mechanical Problem: problem with the tympanic membrane or ossicles (impacted earwax) Otitis Media: fluid accumulation in middle ear, excessive growth of scar tissue Otosclerosis: overgrowth of tissue fuses stapes to oval window, immobilization of stape
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| Properties of Sensorineural Deafness | damage to hair cells or nerve elements. May be from loud noises, degneration of cochlear nerve, can be treated with cochlear implants
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| What is Presbycusis | A sensorineural deafness that results with the loss of high frequencies of noise due to the effects of aging
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| Properties of Meniere's Syndrome | swelling of the membranous labyrinth that affects all three parts of the inner ear. Caused by excessive endolymph: leads to vertigo, nausea, balance issues
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| Properties of Tennitus | Ringing or clicking sound in the ears in the absence of auditory stimuli; one of the first symptoms of cochlear nerve degeneration
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| What part of the ear has to do with balance and equilibrium? | The vestibular Apparatus (vestibule and semicircular canals)
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