Anatomy La
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| A chamber in the skull bounded by the internal and external nares. | Nasal cavity
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| Also called the voicebox. A complex cartilaginous structure that surrounds and protects the glottis and vocal cords, the superior margin is bound to the hyoid bone and the inferior margin is bound to the trachea. | larynx
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| A blade-shaped flap of tissue, reinforced by cartilage, that is attached to the dorsal and superior surface of the throid cartilage; it folds over the entrance to the larynx during swallowing. | epiglottis
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| The passage from the pharynx to the larynx. | glottis
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| Cartilage that forms much of the anterior and lateral surfaces of the larynx. Together with the cricoid cartilage it protects the glottis and entrance to the trachea. It also provides site for attachment of laryngeal muscles and ligaments. | thyroid cartilage
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| the windpipe; an airway extending from the larynx to the primary bronchi. | trachea
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| branch of the respiratory tree between the trachea and the bronchioles. | Primary bronchi
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| narrow passages of the bronchi that do not have cartilage. | bronchioles
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| blind pockets at the end of the repiratory tree, lines by a simple squamous epithelium and surrounded by a capillary network; site of gas exchange with the blood. | alveoli
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| a serous membrane that sits on the lungs. | visceral pleura
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| a serous membrane that lines the pleural cavities. | parietal pleura
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| has 2 lobes. | left lungs
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| has 3 lobes. | right lungs.
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| Oral cavity | mouth
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| A common passageway for the digestive and respiratory systems. | pharynx
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| These salivary glands lie in front of and under the ears. | parotid salivary glands
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| These salivary glands lie deep to the base of the tongue in the posterior part of the floor of the mouth. | submandibular salivary glands
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| These salivary glands are anterior to the submandibular glands. | sublingual salivary glands
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| transports food from the pharynx to the stomach. A muscular, collapsible tube posterior to the trachea. | esophagus
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| a J-shaped organ that lies under the diaghragm. The superior part is connected to the esophagus. The inferior part empties into the duodenum of the small intestines. | stomach
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| a muscular ring located between the esophagus and the superior portion of the stomach. | cardiac/lower esophageal sphincter
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| sphincter of smooth muscle that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum. | pyloric sphincter
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| these are folds found inside the stomach. They allow the stomach to expand. | rugae
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| located inferior to the diaphragm | liver
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| the left a nd right hepatic ducts unite outside the liver to form this. This duct joins the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct. | common hepatic duct
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| a pear-shaped sac along the undersurfaces of the liver. It stores and concentrates bile. | gall bladder
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| this duct is formed when the cystic duct and common hepatic duct unite outside the liver. | common bile duct
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| a soft, oblong gland posterior to the greater curvature of the stomach. | pancreas
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| unites with the common bile duct from the liver and pancreas and enters the duodenum in a common duct. | pancreatic duct
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| has three regions: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. | Small intestine
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| begins after the stomach | duodenum
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| the middle segment of the small intestine. An abrupt bend marks the boundary. | jejunum
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| the last segment of the small intestine and ends at the large intestine. | ileum
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| guards the opening between the ileum and the large intestine. | ileocecal valve
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| has 4 regions: cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal. | large intestine
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| a blind pouch below the ileum. attached to the appendix by an extension of the visceral peritoneum. | cecum
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| a blind tube connected to the cecum of the large intestine. | appendix
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| this segment of the colon ascends on the right side of the abdomen and turns abruptly to the left at the undersurface of the liver. | ascending colon
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| this segment of the colon continues across the abdomen and curves beneath the spleen. | transverse colon
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| this segment of the colon passes down the left side of the abdomen. | descending colon
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| this segment of the colon projects inward toward the midline. | sigmoid colon
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| the last 20 cm of the colon. | rectum
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| the opening of the rectum to the exterior. | anus
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| covers various abdominal organs | visceral peritoneum
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| lines the wall of the abdominal cavity. | parietal peritoneum
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| attaches the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall | mesentery
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| a double sheet of peritoneum that attaches the greater curvature of the stomach to the dorsal body wall. It encloses the spleen and part of the pancreas, transverse colon and a large part of the small intestines | greater omentum
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| bean-shaped organs that filter blood and produce urine | kidneys
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| a tube that extends from the pelvis of the kidney. Moves urine into the urinary bladder by peristalsis. | ureters
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| this organ stores urine | urinary bladder
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| this tube is inferior to the bladder. It moves urine from the urinary bladder out of the body. | urethra
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| the outer layer of the kidney | cortex
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| the inner layer of the kidney | medulla
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| cone-shaped structures in the medulla. | renal pyramids
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| a funnel-like structure. urine formed in the renal pyramids and overlying areas of the renal cortex drain into these | calyx
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| a chamber formed when the two major calyces merge. Is connected to the ureter. | renal pelvis
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| a notch in the kidney where the renal artery and renal nerve enter the kidney and the renal vein and ureter exit the kidney. | hilus
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| a knot of capillaries that projects into the enlarged, proximal end of a nephron. It filters plasma and produces a filtrate which is further processed into urine. | glomerulus
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| a double-walled cup or capsule around each glomerulus. It receives filtrate and empties into the proximal convoluted tubules. | Bowman's capsule
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| the portion of the nephron between Bowman's capsule and the loop of Henle. It actively reabsorbs nutrients , plasma proteins and electrolytes from the filtrate. | proximal convoluted tubule
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| the portion of a nephron closest to the collecting tubule and duct. It actively secretes ions, acid drugs, and toxins and reabsorbs sodium ions from the urine. | distal convoluted tubule
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| receives urine from nephrons. | collecting duct
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| carry blood TO the glomerulus | afferent arterioles
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| carry blood AWAY from the glomerulus | efferent arterioles
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| are located around the proximal and distal convoluted tubules | peritubular capillaries
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| run parallel to the long, straight tubules of the nephron loop. | vasa recta
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| produce sperm and the hormone testosterone. Each is suspended in a sac-like scrotum and is made of about 1,000 coiled tubules called seminiferous tubules where sperm are produced. | testes
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| each of these two sacs are covered by skin externally. Each encloses a testis, epididymis and the beginning of each spermatic cord. | scrotum
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| Is the copulatory organ that suurounds the urethra and serves to introduce semen into the female vagina. Contains 3 masses of cavernous tissues that has spaces that can fill with blood causing this organ to become erect. | penis
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| a large column of erectile tissue in the penis that surrounds the urethra. It expands into the glans penis. | corpus spongiosum
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| These are two columns of erectile tissue in the penis that are seperated by a septum or wall. | corpora cavernosa
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| this is a lose fold of skin that surrounds the glans penis in males or the clitoris in females. | prepuce
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| a coiled duct posterior to each testis that connects the tubulues in the testes to the vas deferens. It is the site where sperm mature and are stored. | epididymis
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| this is a duct or passageway that carries ejaculated sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct. | vas deferens
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| A muscular tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the exterior. In males it also serves as a passageway for ejaculated sperm. | urethra
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| A pair of glands that produce roughly 60% of the volume of semen. Each gland secretes fluid into the ampulla of the vas deferens. | seminal vesicles
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| An accessory gland of the male reproductive tract. It is inferior to the bladder. It is where the ejaculatory duct joins the urethra. | prostate gland
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| a pair of mucous glands at the base of the penis that screte a small amount of fluid to the urethra as it passes into the posterior part of the penis. (Cleans out the urethra) | Cowper's glands
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| A pair of glands located in the superior region of the pelvic cavity. Produces gametes (eggs) and stores nearly a half-million immature eggs. Secrete estrogen and progesterone. | ovaries
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| Extend from the ovaries to the uterus. They convey the ova toward the uterus. Are the site of fertilization and early development of a fertilized egg. | Fallopian tubes
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| A muscular organ where implantation, placenta formation and fetal development occur. Has three layers: the endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium. | uterus
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| The most inferior part of the uterus. It is a muscilar ring that projects into the vagina. | cervix
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| The innermost layer of the uterus. It is a mucous membrane that lines the uterus. This is the layer where the embryo implants after arriving from the fallopian tube. | endometrium
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| The middle layer of the uterus. It is the thick layer of smooth muscle in the wall of the uterus. During labor this layer contracts to expel the fetus. | myometrium
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| The outermost layer of the uterus. It is a layer of visceral peritoneum and lines most of the external surface of the uterus. | perimetrium
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| A 4 to 6 inch muscular tube that accepts the penis during sexual intercourse. Also serves as a passageway during the birth of a baby. It extends between the uterus and the external genitalia. | vagina
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| A pair of external folds of fatty tissue that are lateral to the medial labia minora. The folds are covered by skin with hair and sebaceous glands. They extend dorsally and down and enclose the openings of the urethra and the vagina. | labia majora
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| This is a pair of folds that unite anteriorly to form the clitoris, These folds do not have hair. They lie within the folds of the labia majora | labia minora
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| A small mass of erectile tissue that is the major site of female sexual excitement. | clitoris
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| A muscular tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the exterior. In females, the opening is anterior to the opening of the vagina. | urethra
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