Terms related to world war 1 shafer
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| Nationalism | strong devotion to a nation's interests
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| Militarism | nation's emphasis on aggressve military preparedness
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| Imperialism | Process of extending economic, military, and political influence over other nations
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| triple entente | Became allied powers-France, Britain, Russia
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| Triple Alliance | central powers, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
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| Central Powers | military alliance during WWI consisting of Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman empire
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| Allied Powers | Military alliance during WWI consisting of more than 20 nations including Russia, France, and Britain
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| Schlieffen Plan | German plan to conquer France and then Russia by pushing through Belgium into Northern France
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| alfred Nobel | the swedish discoverer of dynamite
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| Trench Warfare | method of fighting in ditches deep enough to enable soldiers to fight standing up
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| the Hague Court | permanent court of arbitration to provide nations with neutral arbitrations to dispute.
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| u-boat | German submarine
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| lusitania | british passenger liner sunk by german u-boat
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| zimmermann telegram | secret message from german foreign secretary to mexico suggesting an alliance against the U.S.
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| Woodrow Wilson | President of U.S. during WWI
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| 5 major powers in europe | Great Britain, Russia, Germany, France, Austria-Hungary.
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| powder keg of europe | the balkans
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| Krupp works | arm maker that sold weapons to both sides
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| Serbia | Austria lost arch-duke then attacked Serbia cause of that
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| Neutrality proclamation | wilson issued it to announce that the U.S. is neutral
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| First battle of marne | French and British stooped germans and realized not quick victory
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| Battle of Somme | British lost 60,000 one day
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| new weapons | tank, posion gas, airplanes, machine guns
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| selective service act | 1917- required men 21-30 (changed 18-45) to register w/ local draft boards (2.8 mil drafted) in hope to bring together diff. backrounds
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| convoy system | merchant vessels escorted by warships; transported supplies and volunteers
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| General Von Hindenbourg | led german troops
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| armistice | to cease fire signed nov 11, 1918@ 11am
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| Food Administration | Herbert Hoover; increase farm production, observe meatless and wheatless days, grow gardens
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| Fuel Act | Harry Garfield- heatless mondays, closed factories when short of fuel
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| labor problems | due to draft, lack of european immigration & union strikes short of labor
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| National War Labor Board (NWLB) | created by wilson- composed of reps from business's; arbitrated disputes between employers and workers (caused union membership to grow)
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| woman's roles | took over jobs of men @ war; volunteered war hospitals
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| great migration | african americans from south to north; better standard of living but racial violence
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| Committe on Public Information | George Creel- prog to support war; warned about spies, criticizing gov, changed names of german foods etc
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| sedition& espionage act | 1917- outlawed acts of treason; made crime to recognize disloyalty, opposition to draft, war bonds or arms industry (arrested socialist's berger and debs)
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| fourteen points | wilson's program for world peace dealt with self determination, causes of war, league of nations
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| Big four | Wilson, Orlando, Lloyd George, Clemenceau
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| David Lloyd George | British prime minister- didnt want to show generosity twd germans or give up naval supremecy (against wilson's plan)
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| George Clemenceau | ensure french security w/ revenge on germ
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| Reparations | insisted germ bare finacial cost of war; wanted secret spoils of war treaties honored (violated wilson's plan)
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| treaty of versailles | ended ww1-Germ colonies & ottoman empire divided among allied nations as specified in spoils of war treaty; creation league of nations
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| mandate system | required new colonial rulers to report on administraion to league of nations
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| new nations | czechoslavakia, yugoslavia, finland, estonia, lativa, lithuania, poland
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| Wilson's proposal for league of nations | headquartered in geneva; permenant administrative assembly, each nation one vote and a council, 5 perm members: france britain italy japan & us(never joined)
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| league covenant | solve disputes peacefully; waiting period before war, if failed to follow council could apply economic pressure and use force; article 10
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| article 10 | respect and preserve independence & territorial integrity of all member nations
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| irreconcilables | 14 republicans wanted nothing to do with treaty and league of nations
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| reservationists | led by henry cabot lodge; 35 republicans senators would support treaty if league covenant amended because they objected article 10; wanted to protect senate's power to declare war
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| henry cabot lodge | mass. head of senate's committe on foreign relations; wilson's enemy (led reservationists)
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| wilson's campaign | 9,500 speaking tour defending treaty; collapsed from stroke; treaty failed
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| 1920 election | american's wanted to put war behind; league of nations formed without america
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| global impact | europe: industry and agriculture not enough to meet demand; germ: food shortages & lost territory
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| Belgium | invaded by Germany
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| Battle of Marne | marked first turning point in war, Germany lost quick victory
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| Verdum | high # of casualties french won back Verdum
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| Armenian massacre | killing of alot of christians, at least 600,000 men, women and children murdered
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| william gibbs macadoo | wilson's son-in-law convinced him that he could find money to fight the war
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| espionage act | aimed at spying and treason and prohibiting use of mails to send treasonable materials
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| sedition act | barred critism on gov't
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| AEF | American Expeditionary Force, the first u.s. troops to arrive and fight, fought with france
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| Meuse-argonne | the last major French and American offensive war
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| urban league | national group aided the a.a.with the adjsutment to the cities
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| League of nations | to correct any injustices of the peace treaty
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| WILPF | Women's International League for peace and freedom est. in switz. they rallied around the league of nations
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