Biomechanics 2010
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| show | Functional anatomy
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| show | Father of Biomechanics (book: De Motu Animatum)
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| show | Serial photographs; triggered multiple cameras in temporal sequence
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| show | Chronophotographs; Machine gun camera (improved on Muybridge's technique); put sensors on body
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| show | Body parts involved in the movement and corresponding direction of movement
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| Key variables of kinematics | show 🗑
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| Linear motion (translation) | show 🗑
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| show | Body moves about an axis of rotation
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| show | Laws of motion
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| show | Law of Inertia: A body at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by a net external force
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| show | Law of Acceleration: Sigma F=ma
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| Newton's Third Law of Motion | show 🗑
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| External forces acting on body | show 🗑
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| Internal forces acting on body | show 🗑
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| Factors affecting muscle force | show 🗑
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| Anatomical reference position | show 🗑
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| Superior | show 🗑
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| Inferior | show 🗑
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| show | Towards front of body
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| show | Towards back of body
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| Medial | show 🗑
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| Lateral | show 🗑
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| show | Closer to trunk (limbs)
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| show | Father away from trunk (limbs)
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| Anatomical references planes | show 🗑
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| Sagittal plane | show 🗑
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| Transverse (horizontal) | show 🗑
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| show | Anterior and posterior (line cuts shoulder in half)
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| show | Movement within a plane: movement is parallel to plane
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| show | Longitudinal, anteroposterior, transverse
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| Longitudinal axis | show 🗑
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| show | Frontal plane
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| Transverse axis | show 🗑
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| Sagittal plane joint movements | show 🗑
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| Flexion | show 🗑
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| Extension | show 🗑
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| show | Extension beyond anatomical position
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| Plantar flexion | show 🗑
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| Dorsiflexion | show 🗑
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| Frontal plane joint movements | show 🗑
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| show | Movement away from midline
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| Adduction | show 🗑
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| Radial deviation | show 🗑
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| show | Movement toward ulnar styloid (wrist)
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| show | Internal movement of foot at the subtalar joint; classic ankle sprain
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| show | External movement of the foot at the ankle
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| show | Leaning left/right at trunk or head; direction corresponds to the moving object
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| Elevation and depression | show 🗑
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| show | Medial/lateral rotation; horizontal adduction/abduction; supination/pronation; left/right rotation
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| Medial (internal) rotation | show 🗑
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| Lateral (external) rotation | show 🗑
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| show | Movement towards midline (hug)
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| show | Movement away from midline (release a hug)
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| show | Rotate thumb laterally (hold soup)
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| Pronation | show 🗑
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| show | Anterior surface movement (shake head no)
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| show | Organ protection; weight bearing; lever system; mineral reservoir (Ca, P); Hematopoiesis (red blood cell formation)
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| show | Shaft plus two expanded ends; all bones of limbs (except carpals, tarsals, and patella); used for leverage; outer layer-compact bone; inner layer-spongy bone
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| show |
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| show | Roughly cuboid in shape; carpals (8) and tarsals (7); shock absorption and force dissipation; strength not mobility
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| Flat bones | show 🗑
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| Sesamoid bones | show 🗑
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| show | Weird shapes that fit none of the other categories; vertebrae; protection (spinal cord), flexibility, load dissipation
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| show | Tissue consisting of cells and a significant amount of extracellular matrix
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| show | Osteoblasts; osteocytes; osteoclasts
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| Osteoblast | show 🗑
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| Osteocyte | show 🗑
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| show | Bone-digesting cell
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| show | Shaft; expanded ends; epiphyseal disks
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| Diaphysis | show 🗑
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| show | Expanded ends of a long bone
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| Growth plates | show 🗑
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| show | Double-layered membrane covering the external surface of the entire bone, except for the joint surfaces of the epiphyses
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| Outer layer of a long bone | show 🗑
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| show | Osteoblasts
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| show | Covers internal bone surfaces of the long bone; contains both osteoblasts and osteocytes
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| Longitudinal bone growth | show 🗑
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| Circumferential bone growth | show 🗑
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| show | Compression (push both ends in); tension (pull both ends out); shear (cut in half); torsion (twist around a transverse axis); bending
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| Wolff's Law | show 🗑
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| Osteoporosis | show 🗑
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| Joints | show 🗑
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| Classification of joints | show 🗑
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| Fibrous joints | show 🗑
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| Cartilaginous joints | show 🗑
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| show | Free movement; ball and socket, condyloid, hinge, pivot, gliding, saddle
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| Ball and socket joint | show 🗑
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| show | Biaxial; flexion/extension, internal/external rotation; knee
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| show | Uniaxial; flexion/extension; elbow, ankle
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| Pivot joint | show 🗑
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| show | No axes: glides between 2 flat bones; carpals, tarsals
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| Saddle joint | show 🗑
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| Structure of a synovial joint | show 🗑
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| Articular (hyaline) cartilage | show 🗑
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| Joint capsule | show 🗑
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| show | Very fibrous collagen tissue used to hold bones together
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| show | Lines the joint cavity; secretes synovial fluid; lubricates and provides nutrition
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| show | Connect bone to bone; usually restrict ROM
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| show | Scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpals (8), metacarpals (5), phalanges (14)
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| Major joints of the upper extremity | show 🗑
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| Shoulder joint bones | show 🗑
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| Shoulder joints | show 🗑
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| Rotator cuff | show 🗑
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| Shoulder flexion | show 🗑
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| show | Latissimus dorsi, triceps brachii
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| show | Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
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| Shoulder abduction | show 🗑
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| show | Trapezius
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| Elbow joint bones | show 🗑
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| Elbow joints | show 🗑
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| show | Biceps brachii, brachialis
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| show | Triceps brachii
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| show | Radioulnar joint; supinator/pronator quadratus
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| show | Radius, ulna, carpals; radiocarpal joint
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| show | Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis
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| Wrist extension | show 🗑
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| show | Flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris
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| Radial deviation | show 🗑
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| Hand joints and bones | show 🗑
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| show | Flexor digitorum superficialis
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| Metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal extension | show 🗑
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| Segments of the Spinal Column | show 🗑
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| Movement segment (vertebrae) | show 🗑
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| Articulations of the spinal cord | show 🗑
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| Lordosis | show 🗑
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| Kyphosis | show 🗑
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| Trunk flexion | show 🗑
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| show | Erector spinae group
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| show | Internal and external oblique
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| show | Pelvis; femur; tibia; fibula; patella; tarsals (7): talus, calcaneous; metatarsals (5); phalanges (14)
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| show | Hip, knee, ankle, subtalar, metatarsophalangeal
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| Pelvic girdle | show 🗑
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| show | Acetabulum + femoral head; highly mobile
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| show | Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral
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| Iliofemoral ligament | show 🗑
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| show | Limits hyperextension, abduction
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| show | Limits hyperextension, hyperadduction
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| show | Iliopsoas (groin), rectus femoris (part of quads), sartorius ("Tailor's muscle")
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| show | Gluteus maximus, hamstrings (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris)
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| show | Gluteus medius (role in bipedal gait)
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| show | Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis
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| Hip pointer (ultimate) | show 🗑
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| Knee joint bones | show 🗑
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| Knee joint ligaments | show 🗑
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| Cruciate ligaments | show 🗑
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| Collateral ligaments | show 🗑
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| show | Quadriceps (vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris)
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| Knee flexors | show 🗑
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| Ankle joint parts | show 🗑
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| Dorsiflexion (ankle) | show 🗑
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| show | Gastrocnemius, soleus
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| show | Talus, calcaneous, metatarsals, phalanges
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| Subtalar ligaments | show 🗑
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| Inversion (subtalar) | show 🗑
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| show | Peroneus longus
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| Metatarsophalangeal flexion | show 🗑
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| Metatarsophalangeal extension | show 🗑
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