DIGESTIVE
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| GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | MOUTH, PHARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, S. INTESTINE, L. INTESTINE, RECTUM, ANAL CANAL, ANUS.
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| ACCESSORY ORGANS | TEETH, TONGUE, SALIVARY GLANDS, LIVER, GALL BLADDER, PANCREASE
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| 4 LAYERS OF GI TRACT WALL | MUCOSA
SUBMUCOSA
MUSCULARIS
SEROSA
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| MUCOSA LAYER | INNER MUCOUS MEMBRANE
W/ SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITH & LAMINA PROPRIA
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| MUCOSA LAYER CHARACTERIZE BY | FOLDS, GLANDS, PROJECTIONS
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| MUSCULARIS MOCUSA IN MUCOSA LAYER | THIN MUSCLE BAND CONTROLLING LOCAL MUCOSA MOV'TS & RESPONSES
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| SUBMUCOSA LAYER | BINDS MUCOSA TO MUSCULARIS
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| SUBMUCOSA IS CHARACTERIZED BY | BLOOD, LYMPHATIC VESSLES WHICH ABSORBS NUTRIENTS FROM DIGESTIVE TRACT
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| WHAT STIMULATES SUBMUCOSAL GLANDS AND MUSCULAIS MUCOSA | SUBMUCOSAL NERVE PLEXUS
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| MUSCULARIS | THICKEST LAYER
* 2 SMOOTH MUSCLE LAYERS
* 3 LAYERS IN STOMACH
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| MUSCULE LAYERS | 1) INNER CIRCULAR LAYER
2) LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE LAYER
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| CIRCULAR LAYER | *DECREASE DIAMETER
*FORMS SPHINCTER VALVES
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| WHAT CAUSES PROPULSION, MIXING AND PREVENT BACK FLOW | SPHINCTER VALVES
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| DECREASES LENGTH IN TRACT WALLS | LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE LAYER
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| WHAT NERVE PLEXUS STIMULATE MUSCLE LAYER | MYENTERIC NERVE PLEXUS
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| MYENTERIC NERVE PLEXUS RESPOND TO | STRETCH, ANS
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| SEROSA | OUTER LAYER
VISERAL PERITONEUM - SECRETES SEROUS FLUID
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| VAGUS NERVE SERVES WHICH LAYER IN THE TRACT WALL | SEROSA
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| THE SEROSA IS MOSTLY UNDER WHAT DIVISION OF ANS | PARASYMPATHETIC
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| FUNCTION OF ORAL CAVITY | ANALYZE FOOD, MOISTEN FOOD, FORM BOLUS, INITIATES ENZYMES FOR DIGESTION
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| ORAL CAVITY MADE UP OF | HARD PALATE , SOFT PALATE, UVULA ( POSTERIOR TO SOFT PALATE), TONGUE,SALIVARY GLANDS,TEETH
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| HARD AND SOFT PALATE CONTAIN WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE | STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
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| UVULA | BLOCKS NASOPHARYNX WHEN SWOLLOWING
IS THE SWALLOWING CONTROL MECHANISM
AND PREVENTS FOOD FROM GOING INTO THE NASAL CAVITY
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| TONGUE | INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC SKELETAL MUSCLES
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| SALIVARY GLANDS | PRODUCE SALIVA, WATER, AMALAYSE, ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS, MUCUS
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| THE SALIVARY GLAND IS COMPRISE OF 3 GLANDS, NAME THEM | 1) PAROTID GLANDS
2) SUBLINGUAL GLANDS
3) SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS
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| WHERE IS THE PAROTID GLAND FOUND | OVER MASSETER MUSCLE
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| GLANDS FOUND UNER TONGUE | SUBLINGUAL GLANDS
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| GLANDS FOUND UNDER BOTH SUBLINGUAL AND MANDIBULE | SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS
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| TEETH | *32 TEETH
* 2 INCISORS, 1 CANINE, 2 PREMOLARS, 3 MOLARS -- ON ONE SIDE
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| WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE BONE LIKE MATERIAL COMPOSING MOST OF TEETH | DENTIN
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| ABOVE GUM LINE AND IS COVERED BY ENAMEL | CROWN
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| HARDEST SUBSTANCE IN BODY AND | ENAMEL
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| ROOT | BELOW GUM LINE, ARE PROJECTIONS THAT ANCHOR TEETH IN JAW BONE
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| ANOTHER NAME FOR GUM | GINGIVAE
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| WHAT COVERS SURFACE BTW TEETH | GUM OR GINGIVAE
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| PERIODONTAL LIGAMENTS | *LINES AVEOLAR SOCKETS
*ANCHOR TEETH
*ABSORB SHOCK
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| FUNCTION OF CEMENTUM | SECURES TOOTH TO PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
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| WHAT CONTAINS BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES IN TEETH | CENTRAL (PULP) CAVITY
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| PHARYNX - THROAT | NASOPHARYNX, OROPHARYNX & LARYNGOPHARYNX
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| ESOPHAGUS | PROPELS FOOD INTO STOMACH
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| LOCATION OF ESOPHAGUS | MEDIASTINUM OF THORACIC CAVITY
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| TRANSTITION OF EPITHELIUM LAYER FROM MOUTH THRU ANUS | MOUTH, PHARYNX - STRATIFIED SQUAMOSE EPITHELUM
OPENING OF STOMACH - SIMPLE COLUMNAR
ANUS - STRATIFIED COLUMNAR
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| DEGLUTINATION | BEGIN WITH SWALLOWING IN ESOPHAGUS
INVOLVES VOLUNTARY AND IN VOLUNTARY MUSCLES
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| ANOTHER NAME FOR ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER | CARDIAC SPHINCTER
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| WHERE IS THE ESOPHOAGEAL (CARDIAC) SPHINCTER FOUND | AT OPENING OF STOMACH
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| WHEN DOES CARDIAC SPHINCTERS OPENS? | ONLY WHEN FOOD NEEDS TO COME THRU
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| 2 WAYS ESOPHAGUS WALL DIFFER FROM LOWER DIGESTIVE WALL STURCTURE | 1) CONTAINS STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS
NOT SIMPLE COLUMNAR
2) AVENTITIA ON OUTER LAYER
NOT VISERAL PERITONEUM (SEROSA)
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| 6 FUNCTIONS OF DIGISTIVE SYSTEM | 1) INGESTION
2) PROPULSION
3) MECHANICAL DIGESTION
4) CHEMICAL DIGESTION (ENZYMES)
5) ABSORTION
6) DEFECATION
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| WHAT DOES PROPULSION INVOLVES | INVOLVES SWOLLOWING (DEGLUTINATION), PERISTALIS
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| WHAT IS PERISTALIS | WAVE LIKE CONTRACTION THAT STARTS WHEN A BOLUS OF FOOD IS SWOLLOWED AND MOVES THU THE DG TRACT.
BOLUS MOVES ---> ESOPHAGUS ---> STOMACH (TURNS INTO LIQUID CALLED CHYME)--->CON'T IN INTESTINE ->S.I ---> L.I (WATER IS ABSORB HERE INTO BLOOD STREAM-> ANUS
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| WHAT OCCURS IN MECHANICAL DIGESTION | 1)CHEWING - MASTICATION
2)CHURNING - STOMACH
3) SEGMENTATION- LOCALIZE MIXING
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| HOW DOES ABSORPTION OCCUR IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT | LUMEN THRU EPITH. AND INTO BLOOD
3 MEMBRANE
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| WHAT IS CHEMICAL DIGESTION | ENZYMES ARE SECRETED TO BREAKDOWN MICORMOLECULES INTO MICROMOLECULES, THEN ABSORB ACCROSS TRACT WALLS...
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| DEFECATION | RIDDING ANYTHING THAT CANNOT BE ABSORB
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| FUNTION OF RECTUM | STORES FECES
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| WHAT OPENS THROUGH OUTSIDE THROUGH ANAL CANAL AND ANUS | RECTUM
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| INTERNAL ANAL SPHINCTER | INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE IN ANUS
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| EXTERNAL ANAL SPHINCTER | VOLUNTARY
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| ANAL SPHINCTER - EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL | CONTROL MOV'T
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| EPITH. TISSUE CONTAINED ANAL CANAL | STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS
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| MASS PERISTALIC MOV'T | WAVES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION MOVING FECES TO RECTUM
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| GASTRIC GLANDS CONTAIN | 1) CHIEF CELLS
2) PARIETAL CELLS
3) MUCOUS CELLS
4) G CELLS OR ENTEROENDOCTRINE CELLS
5) HORMONE
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| CHEIF CELLS | SECRETE PEPSINOGEN (INACTIVE)
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| PARIETAL CELLS | HCL AND INTRINSIC FAC
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| HORMONE | SECRETES GASTRIN IN STOMACH
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