chapt8 review ?
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| synarthroses | immovable joints
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| amphiarthroses | slightly movable joints
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| diarthroses | freely movable joints
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| fibrous joints | bones joined by fibrous tissue,dense fibrous connective tissue, no joint cavity
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| 3 types of fibrous joints | sutures syndesmoses gomphoses
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| sutures | found only in the skull. "seams" interlock bone
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| syndesmoses | bones are connected exclusively by ligaments,cords or bands of fibrous tissue
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| gomphoses | peg-in-socket fibrous joint. tooth is only ie:
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| cartilaginous joint | articulating bones are united by cartilage. not highly movable
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| 2 types of cartilaginous joints | synchondroses and symphyses
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| synchondrosis | a joint in which the bones are united by hyaline cartilage
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| symphyses | a joint in which the bones are connected by fibrocartilage
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| synovial joint | freely movable joints in which the articulating bones are separated by fluid-containing joint cavity.
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| articulations | another term for joint
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| synarthroses | what functional joint class contains the least mobile joints?
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| symphyses/synchondroses | of sutures, symphyses/synchondroses, which are cartilaginous joints?
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| the more stable the joint the less mobile it is | how are joint mobility/stability related?
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| 6 features of synovial joints | articular cartilage/joint cavity/articular capsule/synovial fluid/reinforcing ligaments/nerves and blood vessels
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| bursae | flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovila membrane/containing synovial fluid. occur where bones rub together
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| tendon sheath | elongated bursa that wraps around tendon subjected to friction
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| fibrous capsule/synovial membrane | what are 2 layers of articular capsule?
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| help to reduce friction during joint movement | how do bursae/tendon sheaths improve joint function?
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| muscle tendons that cross the joint | what factor is most important in stabilizing synovial joints?
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| help keep joint cartilages nourished and lubricates the joint surfaces | what is importance of weeping lubrication?
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| flexion | bending movement on sagittal plane that DECREASES the angle of joint/and brings bones closer together ie: bending knee
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| extension | movement along sagittal plane that INCREASES the angle of bones and straightens a limb. ie:straightening knee
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| circumduction | moving limb so it describes a cone in space
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| rotation | turning of bone around its own long axis. turning head left to right
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| supination | "turning backwards" movements of radius around ulna
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| pronation | "turning forward" movements of radius and ulna
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| dorsiflexion | lifting foot so it is superior surface approaches the shin
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| plantar flexion | depressing the foot (pointing toes)
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| elevation | lifting a body part superiorly
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| depression | moving elevated part inferiorly
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| opposition | movement when you touch your thumb to the tips of the other fingers on the same hand
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| plane joints | SJ: surfaces are flat and allow only short NONAXIAL gliding movements ie; intercarpal/intertarsal joints. between vertebral articular processes
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| hinge joints | SJ:cylindrical end of one bone conforms to a trough-shaped surface on another.
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| hinge joints | SJ: motion is alon a single plane. UNIAXIAL: permits flexion/extension only ie:knee/elbow
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| pivot joints | SJ: rounded end of one bone conforms to a "sleeve" of another. UNIAXIAL rotation of one bone around its own long axis. ie: head saying NO
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| condyloid joints | SJ: one bone fits into a complementary depression in another. both surfaces are oval
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| condyloid joints | SJ: BIAXIAL permits all motions ie:wrist
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| saddle joints | SJ: resemble condyloid joints,but allow greater freedom of movement. ie: twiddling your thumbs
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| ball/socket joints | SJ:spherical head of one bone articulates w. the cuplike socket of another.
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| ball/socket joints | SJ: MULTIAXIAL joints/ are most freely moving ie:shoulder/hip only
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| hinge/pivot | which joints are uniaxial? hinge condyloid saddle or pivot
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