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Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation of Muscles

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Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Flexor carpi radialis   Medial epicondyle of humerus   2nd or 3rd metacarpals   Flexes and abducts hand (radial deviation) at wrist joint   Median nerve  
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Palmaris longus   Medial epicondyle of humerus   Flexor retinaculum and palmer aponeurosis (deep fascia in center of palm)   Weakly flexes hand at wrist joint   Median nerve  
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Flexor carpi ulnaris   medial epicondyle of humerus   Pisiform, hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal   Flexes and adducts hand (ulnar deviation) at wrist joint   Ulnar nerve  
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Flexor digitorum superficialis   Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, and ridge along lateral margin of anterior surface (anterior oblique line) of radius   Middle phalanx of each finger   Flexes middle phalanx of each finger at proximal interphalangeal joint, proximal phalanx of each finger at metacarpophalangeal joint, and hand at wrist joint   Median nerve  
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Flexor pollicis longus   Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane   Base of distal phalanx of thumb   Flexes distal phalanx of thumb and interphalangeal joint   Median nerve  
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Flexor digitotum profundus   Anterior medial surface of body of ulna   Base of distal phalanx of each finger   Flexes distal and middle phalanges of each finger at interphalangeal joints, proximal phalanx of each finger at metacarpophalangeal joint, and hand at wrist   Median and ulnar nerves  
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Extensor carpi radialis   Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus   2nd metacarpal   Extends and abducts hand at wrist joint   Radial nerve  
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Extensor carpi radialis brevis   Lateral epicondyle of humerus   3rd metacarpal   Extends and abducts hand at wrist joint   Radial nerve  
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Extensor digitorum   Lateral epicondyle of humerus   Distal and middle phalanges of each finger   Extends distal and middle phalanges of each finger joint, proximal phalanx of each finger at metacarpophalngeal joint, and hand at wrist   Radial nerve  
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Extensor digiti minimi   Lateral epicondyle of humerus   Tendon of extensor digitorum on 5th phalanx   Extends proximal phalanx of little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint and hand at wrist joint   Deep radial nerve  
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Extensor carpi ulnaris   Lateral epicondyle of humerus of humerus and posterior border of ulna   5th metacarpal   Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint   Deep radial nerve  
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Abductor pollicis longus   Posterior surface of middle of radius and ulna and interosseous membrane   1st metacarpal   Abducts and extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint and abducts hand at wrist joint   Deep radial nerve  
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Extensor pollicis brevis   Posterior surface of middle of radius and interosseous membrane   Base of proximal phalanx of thumb   Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint, 1st metacarpal of thumb, at carpometacarpal joint, and hand at wrist joint   Deep radial nerve  
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Extensor pollicis longus   Posterior surface of middle of ulna and interosseous membrane   Base of distal phalanx of thumb   Extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint, 1st metacarpal of thumb at carpometacapal jointm and abducts hand at wrist joint   Deep radial nerve  
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Extensor indicis   Posterior surface of ulna   Tnedon of extensor digitorum of index finger   Extends distal and middle phalanges of index finger at interphalangeal joints, proximal phalanx of index finger at metacarpophalangeal joint, and hand at wrist joint   Deep radial nerve  
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Abductor pollicis brevis   Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid and trapezium   Lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb   Abducts thumb at carpometacarpal joint   Median nerve  
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Opponens pollicis   Flexor reinaculum and trapezium   Lateral side of 1st metacarpal   Moves thumb across palm to meet little finger (opposition) at the carpometacarpal joint   Median nerve  
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Flexor pollicis brevis   Flexor retinaculum, trapezium, capitate, and trapezoid   Lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb   Flexes thumb at carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints   Median and ulnar nerves  
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Adductor pollicis   Oblique head; capitate and 2nd and 3rd metacarpals; transeerse head; 3rd metacarpal   medial side of proximal phalanx of thumb by a tendon containing a sesamoid bone   Adducts thumb at carpometacarpal and meacarpophalangeal joints   Ulnar nerve  
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Flexor digiti minimi brevis   Flexor retinaculum and hamate   Medial side of proximal phalanx of little finger   Flexes little finger at carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints   Ulnar nerve  
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Opponens digiti minimi   Flexor retinaculum and hamate   medial side of 5th metacarpal (little finger)   Moves little finger acriss palm to meet thumb (opposition) at the carpometacarpal joint   Ulnar nerve  
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Lumbricals   lateral sides of tendons and flexor digitorum profundus of each finger   Lateral sides of tendons of extensor digitorum on proximal phalanges of each finger   Flex each finger at metacarpophalangeal joints and extend each finger at interphalangeal joints   Median and ulnar nerves  
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Palmar interossei   Sides of shafts of metacarpals of all digits (except middle one)   Sides of bases of proximal phalanges of all digits (except middle one)   Adduct each finger at metacarpophangeal joints; flex each finger at metacarpophalangeal joints   Ulnar nerve  
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Dorsal interossei   Adjacent sides of metacarpals   Proximal phalanx of each finger   Abduct fingers 2-4 at metacarpophalangeal joints; and extend each finger at interphalangeal joints   Ulnar nerve  
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Splenius capitus   Ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of 7th cervical vertebra and 1st 3 or 4 thoracic vertebra   Occipital bone and mastiod process of temporal bone   Acting together extends head; acting singly laterally flex and rotate head to same side as contracting muscle   Middle cervical spinal nerves  
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Splenius cervicis   Spinous processes of 3rd - 6th thoracic vertebra   Transverse processes of 1st 2 or 4 vertebra   Acting together extend head; acting singly alterally flex and rotate head to same side as contracting muscle   Inferior cervical spinal nerves  
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iliocostalis cervicis   Superior 6 ribs   Transverse processes of 4th - 6th cervical vertebra   Together - extends and maintains posture of cervical region; singly - laterally flex vertebral column of cervical region   Cervical and thoracic spinal nerves  
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iliocostalis thoracis   Inferior 6 ribs   Superior 6 ribs   Together - extends and maintains posture of thoracic region; singly - laterally flex vertebral column of thoracic region   Thoracic spinal nerves  
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iliocostalis lumbarum   iliac crest   Inferior 6 ribs   Together - extends and maintains posture of lumbar region; singly - laterally flex vertebral column of lumbar region   Lumbar spinal nerves  
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Longissimus capitus   Tranverse processes of superior 4 thoracic vertebra and articular processes of inferior 4 cervical vertebra   mastiod process of temporal bone   Together - extend head; singly - rotate head to same side as contracting muscle   Middle and inferior cervical spinal nerves  
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Longissimus cervicis   Transverse processes of 4th and 5th thoracic vertebra   Transverse processes of 2nd - 6th cervical vertebra   Together - extend vertebral column of cervical region; singly - laterally flex vertebral column of cervical region   Cervical and superior thoracic spinal nerves  
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Longissimus thoracis   Transverse processes of lumbar vertebra   Transverse processes of all thoracic and superior lumbar vertebra and 9th and 10th ribs   Together - extend vertebral column of cervical region; singly - laterally flex vertebral column of lumbar region   Thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves  
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Spinalis capitus   Arises with semispinalis capitus   Occipital bone   Together - extend respective region of vertebral column   Cervical and thoracic spinal nerves  
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Spinalis cervicis   Ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of 7th cervical vertebra   Spinous process of axis   Together - extend cervical region of vertebral column   Inferior cervical and thoracic spinal nerves  
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Spinalis thoracis   Spinous processes of superior lumbar and inferior thoracic vertebrae   Spinous processes of superior thoracic vertebrae   Together - extend thoracic region of vertebral column   Thoracic spinal nerves  
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Semispinalis capitis   trnsverse processes of 1st 6 or 7 thoracic vertebra and 7th cervical vertebrae and articular processes of 4th, 5th, 6th cervical vertebrae   Occipital bone   Together - extend head; singly - rotate head to side opposite contractin muscle   Cervical and thoracic spinal nerves  
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Semispinalis cervicis   Transverse processes of superior 5 or 6 thoracic vertebrae   Spinous processes of 1st - 5th cervical vertebrae   Together - extends vertebral column of cervical region; singly - rotate head to side opposite contracting muscle   Cervical and thoracic spinal nerves  
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Semispinalis thoracic   Transverse processes of 6th - 10th thoracic vertebra   Spinous process of superior 4 thoracic and last 2 cervical vertebrae   Together - extends vertebral column of thoracic region; singly - rotate head to side opposite contracting muscle   Thoracic spinal nerves  
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Multifidus   Sacrum, ilium, transverse processes of lumbar, thoracic, and inferior 4 cervical vertebrae   Spinous process of a more superior vertebrae   Together - extend vertebral column; singly - laterally flex vertbral column and rotate head to opposite side of contracting muscle   Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar nerves  
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Rotatores   Transverse processes of all vertebrae   Spinous process of vertebraw superior of the one of origin   Together - extend vertebral column; singly - rotate vertebral column to opposite contracting muscle   Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar nerves  
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Interspinales   Superior surface of all spinous processes   Inferior surface of spinous process of vertebra and superior to the one of origin   Together - extend vertebral column; singly - stabilize vertebral column during movement   Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar nerves  
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Intertranversarii   Transverse processes of all vertebrae   Transverse process of vertebra superior to the one of origin   Together - extend vertebral column; singly - stabilize vertebral column during movement   Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar  
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Anterior scalene   Transverse processes of 3rd - 6th cervical vertebrae   1st rib   Together - right and left anterior scalene flex head and elevate 1st ribs during deep inhalation; singly - laterally flex head and rotate head to side opposite contracting muscle   Cervical spinal C5-C6  
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Middle scalene   Transverse processes of inferior 6 cervical vertebrae   1st rib   Together - flex head and elevate 1st ribs during deep inhalation; singly - laterally flex head and rotate head to side opposite contracting muscle   Cervical spinal C3-C8  
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Posterior scalene   Tranverse processes of 4th - 6th cervical vertebrae   2nd rib   Together - flex head and elevate 2nd ribs during deep inhalation; singly - laterally flex head and rotate head to side opposite contracting muscle   Cervical spinal C6-C8  
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