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Psychology Chapter 9

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Answer
show A learning procedure in which associations are made between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.  
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show A stimulus that does not initially elicit any part of an unconditioned response.  
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show An event that elicits a certain predictable response typically without previous training.  
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show An organism’s automatic (or natural) reaction to a stimulus.  
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show A once-neutral event that elicits a given response after a period of training in which it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus.  
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show The learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus.  
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generalization   show
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discrimination   show
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show The gradual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.  
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operant conditioning   show
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reinforcement   show
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secondary reinforcer   show
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show Stimulus that is naturally rewarding, such as food or water.  
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show Technique in which the desired behavior is “molded” by first rewarding any act similar to that behavior and then requiring ever-closer approximations to the desired behavior before giving the reward.  
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show Learned reactions that follow one another in sequence, each reaction producing the signal for the next.  
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aversive control   show
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negative reinforcement   show
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escape conditioning   show
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avoidance conditioning   show
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social learning   show
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show Form of altering behavior that involves mental processes and may result from observation or imitation.  
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cognitive map   show
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latent learning   show
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show Condition in which repeated attempts to control a situation fail, resulting in the belief that the situation is uncontrollable.  
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show Learning by imitating others; copying behavior.  
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show Conditioning in which desirable behavior is reinforced with valueless objects, which can be accumulated and exchanged for valued rewards.  
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