Exploration of America
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| Why were spices like peppercorns and cinnamon sticks so important to Europeans during the Middle Ages? | show 🗑
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| show | spices came from faraway places, making them hard to get and expensive. The desire for cheaper goods helped to spark the Age of Exploration. Eventually, this brought Europeans to North America, where they hoped to find a better route to Asia and the spice
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| Agrarian | show 🗑
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| Monetary economy | show 🗑
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| Currency | show 🗑
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| Why did European powers start experimenting with unfamiliar ocean routes during the Age of Exploration? | show 🗑
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| show | European powers began experimenting with unfamiliar ocean routes in their quest to find a faster way to reach Asia. Some of the earliest voyages led the Spanish and Portuguese to South America and the Caribbean, where they claimed land.
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| What was Christopher Columbus originally trying to find when he landed in the Caribbean in 1492, and what was the result of his voyages? | show 🗑
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| show | Juan Ponce de León made several expeditions to find a mythical “Fountain of Youth.” De León had originally arrived in the Americas while sailing with Columbus and became determined to locate the spring that was said to cure illness and make the
elderly y
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| What were the consequences of Hernando de Soto's exploration for both him and the Indigenous peoples he encountered? | show 🗑
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| Who was Juan de Oñate, and what happened to him during his search for the mythical cities of Cíbola? | show 🗑
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| Northwest Passage | show 🗑
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| show | Europeans had long believed that there was a quicker and more efficient sea route from Europe to Asia. They predicted there was a river passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean that would allow ships to avoid having to sail around the southern
tip
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| show | Jacques Cartier, who explored the eastern coast of present-day Canada. Cartier sailed through the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the St. Lawrence River in the mid-1500s CE. He too failed to find the Northwest Passage or gold, which France was also eager to disc
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| show | French traders established relatively good relationships with the Huron-Wendat, Innu, and Algonquin. They traded European goods, such as tools and weapons, for beaver and other animal furs.
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| show | reduction in quantity
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| show | Champlain founded the city of Quebec (present-day Quebec City) as a fur-trading
center. The city’s increasing wealth was tied to the busy French fur trade as demand
grew for fashionable fur hats and clothing in Europe
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| show | Indigenous peoples obtained European products such as weapons and metal goods.
These once-unfamiliar goods rapidly replaced some of the peoples’ traditional
materials. In addition, the fur trade led to a sharp depletion of Indigenous peoples’
natural r
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| Who founded the settlement of New Orleans, and why did it become an important center in the region? | show 🗑
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| What was Henry Hudson's mission when he set out in 1609, and how did his voyage turn out differently than planned? | show 🗑
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| What did Henry Hudson discover and claim for the Netherlands during his journey along the Atlantic coast of North America? | show 🗑
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| Archipelago | show 🗑
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| show | The ship got caught in ice, and winter came quickly. The crew began to turn on each
other, resulting in a mutiny. The mutineers forced Hudson, his sons, and a few loyal
sailors onto a small boat and left them behind. They were never seen or heard from
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| How did the British respond to their ongoing difficulty in finding the Northwest Passage in the 1700s? | show 🗑
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| Mutiny | show 🗑
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| show | difficult to locate
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| show | harsh weather and difficult living conditions in the wilderness of North America made
colonization even less appealing.
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| show | In 1664, a small fleet of English warships took over the colony without much resistance.
The English changed the name of the city from New Amsterdam to New York. With this
takeover, Dutch efforts to colonize North America officially came to an end.
N
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| show | The French fur trade permanently influenced centuries-old cultural traditions of
Indigenous groups in present-day Canada and along the Mississippi River. The Dutch
acquisition of Manhattan Island changed the life of the people who had long lived
there.
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| What were some of the consequences of Swedish colonization for the Lenape people and the broader Indigenous population in the area? | show 🗑
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| How did Russian colonization in Alaska impact the Tlingit people and their way of life? | show 🗑
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