(M) Accelerating Change, 1875-1905 (Section 3)
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| What disease that was common amongst farm animals did Koch want to prove was caused by microorganisms? | show 🗑
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| When did Robert Koch set up a small laboratory and begin his research? | show 🗑
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| show | He was invited to Berlin where the German government gave him funding
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| show | Microorganisms
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| show | They were investigating chicken cholera. Pasteur's assistant went on holiday, leaving a culture of cholera to the side. He got back and used it on a chicken who didn't develop cholera. It still didn't develop cholera when injected with strong cholera
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| When did Pasteur publicly test his Anthrax vaccination in front of a crowd? | show 🗑
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| show | The unvaccinated animals were dead or swollen/feverish, whilst all of the vaccinated animals were alive
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| Who was the first ever recipient of a vaccine and when? | show 🗑
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| show | Rabies
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| How did Koch make it easier to study microorganisms under a mircroscope? | show 🗑
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| What did the study of bacteria become known as? | show 🗑
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| For what 2 reasons were Pasteur and Koch rivals? | show 🗑
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| show | Koch, 1875
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| When did Pasteur develop the vaccine against anthrax in chickens and cows? | show 🗑
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| When was the tuberculosis microorganism identified and who discovered it? | show 🗑
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| show | Koch, 1883
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| show | Carbolic spray made operations difficult
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| show | A steam steriliser
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| show | Pasteur had shown microorganisms could be killed using heat
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| show | Antiseptic means fighting infection during the surgery, whereas aseptic is preventing microorganisms from even getting near the open wound
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| show | 1. No spectators allowed in operating theatre
2. Surgeons wore clean clothes
3. Surgeons wore masks and rubber gloves
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| show | Sheep intestines
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| show | They often became hard, preventing the wound from healing and could also cause infection
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| show | It dissolved in the body after 2/3 weeks
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| show | Soak it in carbolic acid, to prevent in from causing infection
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| When was it discovered that cocaine could be used as a local anaesthetic? | show 🗑
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| What was the safer version of cocaine and when was it developed? | show 🗑
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| show | It became illegal for factories to dump waste into rivers
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| show | Quality of food on sale had to be inspected
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| show | Local authorities now HAD to appoint a Medical Officer
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| Why did the 1875 Public Health Act provide lighting on the street? | show 🗑
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| show | To reduce the risk of catching waterborne diseases, such as typhoid or cholera
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| show | The Artisans' Dwellings Act in 1875
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| show | Local authorities
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| What did all the new laws from 1875-1905 show about people's attitudes towards the government? | show 🗑
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| show | More people were gaining the right to vote
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| Who discovered that there were different blood types? | show 🗑
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| show | 1902
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| Before Landsteiner, why were patients often dying from blood transfusions? | show 🗑
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| Name 2 types of blood disorders that people were suffering from | show 🗑
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| Even after blood types were discovered, what were 2 main problems with blood transfusions? | show 🗑
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| What is diphtheria caused by? | show 🗑
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| In the 19th century, how many children per year died from diphtheria? | show 🗑
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| What are antitoxins? | show 🗑
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| show | Emil von Behring, 1890
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| show | Injecting antitoxins used to fight bacteria into a patient
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| show | A treatment made to kill disease-carrying microorganisms without affecting other cells in the body
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| show | Paul Ehrlich
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| show | 1909
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| show | Salvarsan 606, because it was Ehrlich's 606 compound that he had tried
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| Who discovered X-rays? | show 🗑
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| Describe the tube used by Röntgen to discover X-rays | show 🗑
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| What was Röntgen trying to study when he discovered X-rays? | show 🗑
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| How did Röntgen discover X-rays from his experiment? | show 🗑
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| show | December 1895
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| How come hospitals and other people were allowed to use Röntgen's findings and install their own X-rays? | show 🗑
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| What was the first X-ray of a human? | show 🗑
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| Why were X-rays important for treating broken bones? | show 🗑
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| Why were X-rays important in combat? | show 🗑
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| How was tuberculosis detected by X-rays? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Henri Becquerel
2. Marie Curie
3. Pierre Curie
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| show | 1906
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| When was a Radium Institute set up for Marie Curie? | show 🗑
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| show | How it's radioactivity could kill tumors
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| show | 1911
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| show | Mobile X-ray units
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| What were the mobile X-ray units used in WW1 ambulances called? | show 🗑
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