(M) Accelerating Change, 1875-1905 (Section 3)
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| What disease that was common amongst farm animals did Koch want to prove was caused by microorganisms? | show 🗑
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| When did Robert Koch set up a small laboratory and begin his research? | show 🗑
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| What happened as a result of Koch's research? | show 🗑
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| What living thing was much of Koch and Pasteur's work based around? | show 🗑
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| show | They were investigating chicken cholera. Pasteur's assistant went on holiday, leaving a culture of cholera to the side. He got back and used it on a chicken who didn't develop cholera. It still didn't develop cholera when injected with strong cholera
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| When did Pasteur publicly test his Anthrax vaccination in front of a crowd? | show 🗑
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| show | The unvaccinated animals were dead or swollen/feverish, whilst all of the vaccinated animals were alive
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| Who was the first ever recipient of a vaccine and when? | show 🗑
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| What disease did Joseph Meister have that needed Pasteur's vaccine? | show 🗑
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| show | Staining them with chemical dyes
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| What did the study of bacteria become known as? | show 🗑
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| For what 2 reasons were Pasteur and Koch rivals? | show 🗑
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| When was the anthrax microorganism identified and who discovered it? | show 🗑
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| When did Pasteur develop the vaccine against anthrax in chickens and cows? | show 🗑
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| When was the tuberculosis microorganism identified and who discovered it? | show 🗑
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| When was the cholera microorganism identified and who discovered it? | show 🗑
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| show | Carbolic spray made operations difficult
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| What did Koch develop that was used to clean equipment and dressings in surgery? | show 🗑
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| How did Koch come up with the idea of a steam steriliser? | show 🗑
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| show | Antiseptic means fighting infection during the surgery, whereas aseptic is preventing microorganisms from even getting near the open wound
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| In what 3 ways did surgeons create aseptic conditions for surgery? | show 🗑
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| show | Sheep intestines
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| show | They often became hard, preventing the wound from healing and could also cause infection
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| show | It dissolved in the body after 2/3 weeks
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| What did Lister do to catgut before using it as a ligature? | show 🗑
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| When was it discovered that cocaine could be used as a local anaesthetic? | show 🗑
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| show | Novocaine, 1905
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| show | It became illegal for factories to dump waste into rivers
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| show | Quality of food on sale had to be inspected
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| What rule surrounding Medical Officers was different in the 1875 Public Health Act compared to the 1848 Act? | show 🗑
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| Why did the 1875 Public Health Act provide lighting on the street? | show 🗑
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| Why did the 1875 Public Health Act want to provide clean water? | show 🗑
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| show | The Artisans' Dwellings Act in 1875
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| Who was responsible for implementing laws around public health from 1875-1905? | show 🗑
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| show | People's attitudes were changing and they believed the government should have a more active role in protecting public health
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| show | More people were gaining the right to vote
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| show | Karl Landsteiner
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| When did Landsteiner discover a fourth blood type? | show 🗑
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| show | They were being given the wrong blood type
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| show | 1. Anaemia
2. Leukaemia
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| show | 1. Blood would clot as soon as it left the body
2. A donor of the right blood type had to be present as the transfusion happened, as it wasn't discovered how to store blood
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| show | Microorganisms in milk
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| show | 8,000
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| show | A type of antibody that neutralise the toxins released by some microorganisms
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| Who identified the antitoxins produced to fight diphtheria and when? | show 🗑
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| What did von Behring discover could be done to help cure diphtheria? | show 🗑
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| show | A treatment made to kill disease-carrying microorganisms without affecting other cells in the body
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| show | Paul Ehrlich
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| show | 1909
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| What was the name of the first magic bullet and what was the reason for this name? | show 🗑
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| Who discovered X-rays? | show 🗑
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| show | An electric current is passed through a glass tube containing low pressure gases. The tube is covered in black cardboard
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| show | Cathode rays
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| How did Röntgen discover X-rays from his experiment? | show 🗑
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| When did Röntgen publish his x-ray findings? | show 🗑
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| show | He purposefully didn't take out a patent for his invention, so others could use it
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| show | Röntgen's wife put her hand between the cathode ray tube and photographic plate
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| Why were X-rays important for treating broken bones? | show 🗑
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| Why were X-rays important in combat? | show 🗑
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| show | It showed up as a shadow on the lungs
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| show | 1. Henri Becquerel
2. Marie Curie
3. Pierre Curie
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| show | 1906
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| show | 1910
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| What did Marie Curie mainly focus on when researching radium at her institute? | show 🗑
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| show | 1911
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| show | Mobile X-ray units
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| show | Les petites Curies (The little Curies)
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