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Information limited to the Spine, IVD's, Spinal ligaments, and pelvic ligaments.

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
show Dynamic  
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show It responds by laying down new bone to better resist the applied force.  
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show The bone will de-mineralize.  
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Connects bone to bone.   show
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Connects muscle to bone.   show
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An ________ occurs when two bones meet.   show
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What does an articulation form?   show
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show An articular capsule.  
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show Articular Cartilage  
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show Synovial fluid  
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show No  
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show Rich, No  
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Joints are __________ with afferent fibers for proprioception, vibration, pressure, pain and temperature.   show
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show Nerve plexi  
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show The nervous system.  
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show Innervation from joints of the spine.  
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Name the 5 functions of the Spine.   show
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show 24  
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show 26  
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Name the 26 segments of the adult spine by regions.   show
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The primary curves of the spine are?   show
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show Anterier  
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Name the secondary spinal curves.   show
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show cervical forms aprox. 3 months and lumbar forms aprox. 12 months.  
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show Cervical curve begins to form as the child begins to raise his/her head. Lumbar curves begin as the child begins to stand.  
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Name the location of the apex of each spinal region.   show
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Name the AKA of secondar spinal curves.   show
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Name the AKA of primary spinal curves.   show
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show C3-C6  
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show Bifid  
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A bifid spinous process occures because?   show
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Superion Articular Process and the Inferior Articular Process of the typical cervicals joint together to form what?   show
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show Cervical spine.  
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show Anterior.  
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The bar of bone joining the anterior and posterior tubercles of the cervical spine is the?   show
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show gliding mechanism  
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show Uncinate process and the sumilunar facet.  
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show Joint of Luschka or joint of Von Luschka  
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show Atlas, Axis (aka Epistropheus), and C7  
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show Body, pedicles, laminae, and spinous processes  
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What does the atlas consist of?   show
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What transmits the 1st spinal nerve (suboccipital nerve.)   show
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show Dorsal to the lateral masses.  
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show Concave, face cranially, and articulate with the occipital condyles.  
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show Circular, slightly convex and articulate with C2.  
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In which cervical vertebrea does the vertebral artery pass through?   show
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In which cervical vertebrea does the vertebral vein pass through?   show
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What makes axis atypical?   show
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What helps to form the synovial joint of C1/2 at the dens-fovea dentalis articulation?   show
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Superior vertebral notches lie ______ to the articular processes of Axis.   show
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Why is C7 an atypical cervical vertebrea?   show
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What is C7 called in 70% of the population?   show
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show The caudal end of the ligamentum nuchae.  
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What is the most anterior portion of the occiput?   show
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show Foramen Magnum  
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show Squamous portion of Occiput.  
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Small tubercle on the posterior portion of the occiput that is the attachment site for the ligamentum nuchae.   show
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show Internal Occipital Protuberance (IOP)  
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Describe the body of typical thoracics.   show
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show T3  
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Decribe thoracic pedicles.   show
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Describe throacic spinous processes.   show
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show Arise superiorly from the LPJ, faces posterior and slightly superior/lateral.  
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show Face anterior/ slightly inferior/ medial.  
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show Ribs  
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What articulates with thoracic transverse processes?   show
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What are the atypical thoracic vertebrae?   show
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show Transitional vertebra, has a pair of full costal facets on the superior lateral body and a pair of demicostal facets.  
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show Usualy has only one pair of superior demicostal facets with no inferior demicostal facets.  
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What makes T10 atypical?   show
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show Transition verebra from thoracics to lumbars, one pair of full costal facets on pedicle, TP does not articulate with the rib.  
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show It is more lumbar than thoracic, one pair of full costal facets for articulation with the 12th rib, no transverse processes (only 3 tubercles.  
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List the typical ribs.   show
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List the atypical ribs.   show
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What does the typical rib head articulate with?   show
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Where is the sharpest curve of the rib?   show
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show Flat and lies almost entirely in the horizontal plane.  
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show Their corrosponding vertebral segment.  
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show Ribs 11 and 12  
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Name the true ribs and describe what makes them true ribs.   show
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show Ribs 8-12, Indirect attachment to the sternum via costal cartilage of the rib above or no attachment at all.  
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show Costocentral articulations and Costotransverse articulations.  
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Ligament that surrounds each rib articulation.   show
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show Radiate ligament  
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show Intra-articular ligament.  
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show Superior costotransverse ligament.  
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Ligament that attaches rib tubercle to tip of TP at the correstponding level.   show
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show Large body, strong pedicles with deep inferior vertebran notches, short lamina that are broad and strong, thick hatchet shaped spinous processes.  
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What process is used for a contact site for lumbar adjustments?   show
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show L5  
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show Anterior Spondylolisthesis.  
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How many segments of the sacrum are there before fusion?   show
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When does ossification of the Sacrum normaly occur?   show
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The anterior surface of the sacrum is _____.   show
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show IVDs  
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The median Sacral Crest is the rudementary ___________.   show
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show Sacral groove.  
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Laminae of the 5th sacral segement fail to unite in the midline and form the ________.   show
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show Intermediate sacral crest.  
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The holes in the sacrum that allow the sacral nerves to exit.   show
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show Aricular surface.  
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What does the sacral aricular surface articulate with and what joint does it form?   show
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Upper surface of the sacrum.   show
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Lowest segment of the spinal column.   show
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What membrane is from the anterior arch of C1 to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum and anterior to the apical odontoid ligament?   show
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show Limits extension of the occiput on atlas  
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What membrane attaches the posterior arch of atlas to posterior rim of foramen magnum?   show
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What does the poserior atlanto-occipital membrane do?   show
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show arcuate forament (aka) poster ponticle.  
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What is homologue of the ligamentum flavum for C0-C1?   show
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show Anterior Atlanto-Axial Ligament.  
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show Posterior Atlanto-axial Ligament.  
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Connects the lateral mass of C1 to lateral mass of C2 posterior to the dens.   show
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show Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane, Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane, and articular capsule.  
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show Anterior Atlanto-Axial Ligament, Posterior Atlanto-Axial Ligament, Transverse Ligament, and Capsular ligament.  
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Forms the Occipito-Axial Complex.   show
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show Tectorial Membrane.  
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show limits flexion and extension of hte occiput and atlas.  
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show Alar Ligament (AKA Check ligament, AKA Odontoid Ligament.)  
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show Apical Ligament.  
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What are the three parts of the cruciate ligament?   show
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show 1. ALL 2. Anterior Atlanto-Occipital Membrane. 3. Apical Ligament. 4. Superior Band of the Cruciform Ligament. 5. Tectorial Membrane.  
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What are the 9 common Ligaments?   show
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Runs anterior from the basioccipital surface, along atlas, down to sacrum attaching firmly to the edges of the vertebral bodies.   show
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show Can be damaged by hyperextention or when irritated can cause osteoblastic activity leading to calcification.  
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show Posterior Longitudinal Ligament.  
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Posterior longitudinal ligament is ....   show
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show Supraspinous Ligament.  
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Begins at the EOP and extends to C7 along the tips of the SP's as a fanned-out fibroelastic septum. Cervical's version of the supraspinous ligament.   show
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Located between adjoining SPs from the root to the apex of each SP.   show
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show Interspinous ligament.  
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show Ligamentum Flavum (aka yellow ligament)  
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show Intertransverse ligament  
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Ligament that attaches just behond the margins of the adjacent articular processes, oriented perpendicular to the plain of the facet joint and richly ivervated with mechanorecptors and nociceptors.   show
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Makes up 25% of the adult spine and attached to the vertebral body via Sharpey's fibers.   show
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How does the IVDs recieve its nutrients?   show
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show Transverse ligament, Superior Longitudinal (AKA Cranial Crus), Inferior Longitudinal (AKA Caudal Crus)  
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What ligament runs from the L5 TP to the sacrum and iliac crest, also connecting to the sacral ala and becomes taut during hip extension?   show
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show Sacrotuberous ligament  
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show Sacrospinous Ligament  
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Ligament that attaches the intermediate sacral crest to the ilium medial border.   show
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Connects the PSIS to the Sacral Apex.   show
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show Anterior Sacroiliac Ligament.  
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Ligament similar to the ALL but in the sacrococcygeal location.   show
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Ligament similar to the PLL but in the sacrococcygeal articulation?   show
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Ligaments of the Sacrococcygeal Articulation.   show
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Name the three divisions of the Brainstem (rostal to caudal.)   show
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show Spinal Cord  
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show starting C1/2 and ending at L2  
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Sometimes called the "horses tail."   show
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show Cervical enlargement C3-T2 and the Lumbar Enlargement T9-Conus Medullaris.  
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What does the grey matter of the spinal cord house and what is it called?   show
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show Ascending and descending nerve pathways. (AKA Tracts)  
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show Conus Medullaris  
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Why does the spinal cord not run the full length of an adult spinal collumn?   show
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Extension of the pia mater from conus medullaris, extends down through the lumbar cistern (subarachnoid space.)   show
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show Filum Terminale Externa  
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show 31  
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How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?   show
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What is most superior nerve capable of being affected by IVD protrusion?   show
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What are the three meninges layers?   show
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Coverings that surroud and protect the spinal cord.   show
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show Dura Mater  
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Membrane that firmly attaches to the foramen magnum, atlas, and bodies of C2 and C3, yet loose withing the spine (epidural sac).   show
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What is the lumbar cistern made of and what is it filled with?   show
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show Arachnoid mater.  
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show The subarachnoid space which contains cerbrospinal fluid (CSF).  
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show Subdural space.  
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Light and delicate layer of the spinal cord made up of fine areolar tissue, directly on the nervouse tissue.   show
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What term is used to describe the pia and arachnoid mater layers together?   show
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show Dentate ligaments.  
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show 4 inches.  
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Name the 3 anatomical spaces in the vertebral canal.   show
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Space in the vertebral canal filled with fat, loose areolar tissue, and a rich venous plexus between the dural sac and the endosteum of the vertebra.   show
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Potential space between the dura and arachnoid maters.   show
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Space located between the pia and the arachnoid maters, contains CSF and tiny venouse plexi.   show
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show 1 anterior spinal artery and 2 posterior spinal arteries. These run the length of the spinal cord and have several sources of supply.  
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show 23  
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Where in the vertebral column is there no IVDs?   show
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IVDs are composed of what 3 parts?   show
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What do IVDs connect to?   show
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The concentric layers of fibrous tissue, which forms the arround the circumference of the disc.   show
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show Recurrent menigeal nerve and a branch from the ventral primary ramus laterally and anteriorly.  
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Acts as a shock dispersing structure and located in the center of the IVD.   show
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The nucleus pulposis is made up of _____ water in the normal, young, healthy adult IVD.   show
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show Early years of life there is sparce blood supply, but about 15 years of age the disc become avascular and nutrition-waste exchange occurs by imbibition of fluids through the endplates.  
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show Compresive loading squeezes waste fluid from the disc and unloading allows the influx of nutrient fluid into the disc. Movement is key to a healthy disc.  
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Name the 6 functions of the IVD.   show
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What problems or disorders can be developed by loss of IVD height?   show
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Intradiscal Pressure in the lumbar region lying supine.   show
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show 75%  
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Intradiscal Pressure in the lumbar region standing erect.   show
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Intradiscal Pressure in the lumbar region sitting.   show
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show 150%  
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Intradiscal Pressure in the lumbar region sitting while stooped forward.   show
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Intradiscal Pressure in the lumbar region standing while stooped forward and holding weight.   show
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Intradiscal Pressure in the lumbar region sitting while stooped forward and holding weight.   show
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What is the ratio of disc height to the vertebral body height.   show
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show lateral flextion and sp rotation to the concave side.  
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Coupled motion of the cervical spine happens when...   show
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show 50%  
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show 80 degrees  
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show Flexion-extension and lateral flexion.  
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Rotation at individiual cervical segments other than C1/C2 is only ____.   show
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