Information limited to the Spine, IVD's, Spinal ligaments, and pelvic ligaments.
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show | Dynamic
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show | It responds by laying down new bone to better resist the applied force.
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show | The bone will de-mineralize.
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Connects bone to bone. | show 🗑
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Connects muscle to bone. | show 🗑
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An ________ occurs when two bones meet. | show 🗑
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What does an articulation form? | show 🗑
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show | An articular capsule.
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show | Articular Cartilage
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show | Synovial fluid
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show | No
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show | Rich, No
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Joints are __________ with afferent fibers for proprioception, vibration, pressure, pain and temperature. | show 🗑
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show | Nerve plexi
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show | The nervous system.
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show | Innervation from joints of the spine.
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Name the 5 functions of the Spine. | show 🗑
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show | 24
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show | 26
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Name the 26 segments of the adult spine by regions. | show 🗑
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The primary curves of the spine are? | show 🗑
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show | Anterier
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Name the secondary spinal curves. | show 🗑
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show | cervical forms aprox. 3 months and lumbar forms aprox. 12 months.
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show | Cervical curve begins to form as the child begins to raise his/her head. Lumbar curves begin as the child begins to stand.
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Name the location of the apex of each spinal region. | show 🗑
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Name the AKA of secondar spinal curves. | show 🗑
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Name the AKA of primary spinal curves. | show 🗑
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show | C3-C6
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show | Bifid
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A bifid spinous process occures because? | show 🗑
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Superion Articular Process and the Inferior Articular Process of the typical cervicals joint together to form what? | show 🗑
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show | Cervical spine.
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show | Anterior.
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The bar of bone joining the anterior and posterior tubercles of the cervical spine is the? | show 🗑
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show | gliding mechanism
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show | Uncinate process and the sumilunar facet.
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show | Joint of Luschka or joint of Von Luschka
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show | Atlas, Axis (aka Epistropheus), and C7
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show | Body, pedicles, laminae, and spinous processes
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What does the atlas consist of? | show 🗑
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What transmits the 1st spinal nerve (suboccipital nerve.) | show 🗑
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show | Dorsal to the lateral masses.
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show | Concave, face cranially, and articulate with the occipital condyles.
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show | Circular, slightly convex and articulate with C2.
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In which cervical vertebrea does the vertebral artery pass through? | show 🗑
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In which cervical vertebrea does the vertebral vein pass through? | show 🗑
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What makes axis atypical? | show 🗑
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What helps to form the synovial joint of C1/2 at the dens-fovea dentalis articulation? | show 🗑
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Superior vertebral notches lie ______ to the articular processes of Axis. | show 🗑
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Why is C7 an atypical cervical vertebrea? | show 🗑
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What is C7 called in 70% of the population? | show 🗑
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show | The caudal end of the ligamentum nuchae.
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What is the most anterior portion of the occiput? | show 🗑
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show | Foramen Magnum
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show | Squamous portion of Occiput.
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Small tubercle on the posterior portion of the occiput that is the attachment site for the ligamentum nuchae. | show 🗑
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show | Internal Occipital Protuberance (IOP)
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Describe the body of typical thoracics. | show 🗑
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show | T3
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Decribe thoracic pedicles. | show 🗑
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Describe throacic spinous processes. | show 🗑
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show | Arise superiorly from the LPJ, faces posterior and slightly superior/lateral.
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show | Face anterior/ slightly inferior/ medial.
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show | Ribs
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What articulates with thoracic transverse processes? | show 🗑
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What are the atypical thoracic vertebrae? | show 🗑
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show | Transitional vertebra, has a pair of full costal facets on the superior lateral body and a pair of demicostal facets.
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show | Usualy has only one pair of superior demicostal facets with no inferior demicostal facets.
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What makes T10 atypical? | show 🗑
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show | Transition verebra from thoracics to lumbars, one pair of full costal facets on pedicle, TP does not articulate with the rib.
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show | It is more lumbar than thoracic, one pair of full costal facets for articulation with the 12th rib, no transverse processes (only 3 tubercles.
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List the typical ribs. | show 🗑
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List the atypical ribs. | show 🗑
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What does the typical rib head articulate with? | show 🗑
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Where is the sharpest curve of the rib? | show 🗑
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show | Flat and lies almost entirely in the horizontal plane.
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show | Their corrosponding vertebral segment.
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show | Ribs 11 and 12
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Name the true ribs and describe what makes them true ribs. | show 🗑
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show | Ribs 8-12, Indirect attachment to the sternum via costal cartilage of the rib above or no attachment at all.
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show | Costocentral articulations and Costotransverse articulations.
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Ligament that surrounds each rib articulation. | show 🗑
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show | Radiate ligament
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show | Intra-articular ligament.
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show | Superior costotransverse ligament.
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Ligament that attaches rib tubercle to tip of TP at the correstponding level. | show 🗑
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show | Large body, strong pedicles with deep inferior vertebran notches, short lamina that are broad and strong, thick hatchet shaped spinous processes.
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What process is used for a contact site for lumbar adjustments? | show 🗑
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show | L5
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show | Anterior Spondylolisthesis.
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How many segments of the sacrum are there before fusion? | show 🗑
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When does ossification of the Sacrum normaly occur? | show 🗑
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The anterior surface of the sacrum is _____. | show 🗑
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show | IVDs
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The median Sacral Crest is the rudementary ___________. | show 🗑
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show | Sacral groove.
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Laminae of the 5th sacral segement fail to unite in the midline and form the ________. | show 🗑
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show | Intermediate sacral crest.
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The holes in the sacrum that allow the sacral nerves to exit. | show 🗑
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show | Aricular surface.
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What does the sacral aricular surface articulate with and what joint does it form? | show 🗑
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Upper surface of the sacrum. | show 🗑
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Lowest segment of the spinal column. | show 🗑
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What membrane is from the anterior arch of C1 to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum and anterior to the apical odontoid ligament? | show 🗑
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show | Limits extension of the occiput on atlas
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What membrane attaches the posterior arch of atlas to posterior rim of foramen magnum? | show 🗑
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What does the poserior atlanto-occipital membrane do? | show 🗑
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show | arcuate forament (aka) poster ponticle.
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What is homologue of the ligamentum flavum for C0-C1? | show 🗑
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show | Anterior Atlanto-Axial Ligament.
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show | Posterior Atlanto-axial Ligament.
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Connects the lateral mass of C1 to lateral mass of C2 posterior to the dens. | show 🗑
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show | Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane, Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane, and articular capsule.
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show | Anterior Atlanto-Axial Ligament, Posterior Atlanto-Axial Ligament, Transverse Ligament, and Capsular ligament.
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Forms the Occipito-Axial Complex. | show 🗑
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show | Tectorial Membrane.
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show | limits flexion and extension of hte occiput and atlas.
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show | Alar Ligament (AKA Check ligament, AKA Odontoid Ligament.)
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show | Apical Ligament.
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What are the three parts of the cruciate ligament? | show 🗑
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show | 1. ALL 2. Anterior Atlanto-Occipital Membrane. 3. Apical Ligament. 4. Superior Band of the Cruciform Ligament. 5. Tectorial Membrane.
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What are the 9 common Ligaments? | show 🗑
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Runs anterior from the basioccipital surface, along atlas, down to sacrum attaching firmly to the edges of the vertebral bodies. | show 🗑
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show | Can be damaged by hyperextention or when irritated can cause osteoblastic activity leading to calcification.
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show | Posterior Longitudinal Ligament.
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Posterior longitudinal ligament is .... | show 🗑
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show | Supraspinous Ligament.
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Begins at the EOP and extends to C7 along the tips of the SP's as a fanned-out fibroelastic septum. Cervical's version of the supraspinous ligament. | show 🗑
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Located between adjoining SPs from the root to the apex of each SP. | show 🗑
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show | Interspinous ligament.
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show | Ligamentum Flavum (aka yellow ligament)
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show | Intertransverse ligament
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Ligament that attaches just behond the margins of the adjacent articular processes, oriented perpendicular to the plain of the facet joint and richly ivervated with mechanorecptors and nociceptors. | show 🗑
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Makes up 25% of the adult spine and attached to the vertebral body via Sharpey's fibers. | show 🗑
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How does the IVDs recieve its nutrients? | show 🗑
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show | Transverse ligament, Superior Longitudinal (AKA Cranial Crus), Inferior Longitudinal (AKA Caudal Crus)
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What ligament runs from the L5 TP to the sacrum and iliac crest, also connecting to the sacral ala and becomes taut during hip extension? | show 🗑
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show | Sacrotuberous ligament
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show | Sacrospinous Ligament
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Ligament that attaches the intermediate sacral crest to the ilium medial border. | show 🗑
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Connects the PSIS to the Sacral Apex. | show 🗑
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show | Anterior Sacroiliac Ligament.
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Ligament similar to the ALL but in the sacrococcygeal location. | show 🗑
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Ligament similar to the PLL but in the sacrococcygeal articulation? | show 🗑
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Ligaments of the Sacrococcygeal Articulation. | show 🗑
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Name the three divisions of the Brainstem (rostal to caudal.) | show 🗑
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show | Spinal Cord
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show | starting C1/2 and ending at L2
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Sometimes called the "horses tail." | show 🗑
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show | Cervical enlargement C3-T2 and the Lumbar Enlargement T9-Conus Medullaris.
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What does the grey matter of the spinal cord house and what is it called? | show 🗑
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show | Ascending and descending nerve pathways. (AKA Tracts)
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show | Conus Medullaris
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Why does the spinal cord not run the full length of an adult spinal collumn? | show 🗑
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Extension of the pia mater from conus medullaris, extends down through the lumbar cistern (subarachnoid space.) | show 🗑
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show | Filum Terminale Externa
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show | 31
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How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? | show 🗑
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What is most superior nerve capable of being affected by IVD protrusion? | show 🗑
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What are the three meninges layers? | show 🗑
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Coverings that surroud and protect the spinal cord. | show 🗑
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show | Dura Mater
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Membrane that firmly attaches to the foramen magnum, atlas, and bodies of C2 and C3, yet loose withing the spine (epidural sac). | show 🗑
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What is the lumbar cistern made of and what is it filled with? | show 🗑
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show | Arachnoid mater.
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show | The subarachnoid space which contains cerbrospinal fluid (CSF).
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show | Subdural space.
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Light and delicate layer of the spinal cord made up of fine areolar tissue, directly on the nervouse tissue. | show 🗑
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What term is used to describe the pia and arachnoid mater layers together? | show 🗑
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show | Dentate ligaments.
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show | 4 inches.
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Name the 3 anatomical spaces in the vertebral canal. | show 🗑
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Space in the vertebral canal filled with fat, loose areolar tissue, and a rich venous plexus between the dural sac and the endosteum of the vertebra. | show 🗑
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Potential space between the dura and arachnoid maters. | show 🗑
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Space located between the pia and the arachnoid maters, contains CSF and tiny venouse plexi. | show 🗑
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show | 1 anterior spinal artery and 2 posterior spinal arteries. These run the length of the spinal cord and have several sources of supply.
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show | 23
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Where in the vertebral column is there no IVDs? | show 🗑
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IVDs are composed of what 3 parts? | show 🗑
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What do IVDs connect to? | show 🗑
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The concentric layers of fibrous tissue, which forms the arround the circumference of the disc. | show 🗑
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show | Recurrent menigeal nerve and a branch from the ventral primary ramus laterally and anteriorly.
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Acts as a shock dispersing structure and located in the center of the IVD. | show 🗑
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The nucleus pulposis is made up of _____ water in the normal, young, healthy adult IVD. | show 🗑
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show | Early years of life there is sparce blood supply, but about 15 years of age the disc become avascular and nutrition-waste exchange occurs by imbibition of fluids through the endplates.
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show | Compresive loading squeezes waste fluid from the disc and unloading allows the influx of nutrient fluid into the disc. Movement is key to a healthy disc.
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Name the 6 functions of the IVD. | show 🗑
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What problems or disorders can be developed by loss of IVD height? | show 🗑
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Intradiscal Pressure in the lumbar region lying supine. | show 🗑
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show | 75%
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Intradiscal Pressure in the lumbar region standing erect. | show 🗑
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Intradiscal Pressure in the lumbar region sitting. | show 🗑
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show | 150%
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Intradiscal Pressure in the lumbar region sitting while stooped forward. | show 🗑
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Intradiscal Pressure in the lumbar region standing while stooped forward and holding weight. | show 🗑
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Intradiscal Pressure in the lumbar region sitting while stooped forward and holding weight. | show 🗑
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What is the ratio of disc height to the vertebral body height. | show 🗑
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show | lateral flextion and sp rotation to the concave side.
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Coupled motion of the cervical spine happens when... | show 🗑
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show | 50%
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show | 80 degrees
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show | Flexion-extension and lateral flexion.
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Rotation at individiual cervical segments other than C1/C2 is only ____. | show 🗑
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