AP Gov
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| Supremacy Clause | show 🗑
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| show | Allows for implied powers by expanding the power of Congress beyond it's enumerated/expressed ones, to also include other powers that are related to expressed/enumerated powers and might assist Congress in carrying out the expressed/enumerated ones.
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| show | Congress can regulate trade between nations, between states and among Indian tribes
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| Due Process Clause (14th Amendment) | show 🗑
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| show | The national government must observe fair procedures when it denies a person life, liberty, or property
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| show | Congress can exercise powers not specifically stated in the Constitution if those powers are "necessary and proper" for carrying out its expressed powers that are specifically stated
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| Free Exercise Clause | show 🗑
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| show | Congress cannot pass a law that punishes a person retroactively i.e. after the fact. In other words, a person cannot be punished for something he/she did that was not a crime when committed
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| Reserved Power Clause | show 🗑
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| Full Faith and Credit Clause | show 🗑
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| show | Congress cannot pass a law that singles out a person or group for punishment without trial
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| show | Congress cannot establish an "official" religion (nor push or promote religion, or elevate one religion over another) creating, in effect, the separation of church and state (1st Amendment)
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| show | The writ of habeas corpus (an order requiring the person holding a prisoner to demonstrate a legal basis for continuing to hold the prisoner) shall not be suspended, except in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.
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| show | The authorities do not have a general power to search and arrest individuals at any time, at any place and in any manner, rather they can only do so according to specified procedures that must be "reasonable"
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| Takings Clause (Eminent Domain) | show 🗑
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| show | Established judicial review (the right to judge the constitutionality of laws)-under John Marshall, the 4th Chief Justice (a Federalist who worked to increase the powers of the federal government over states)
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| McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | show 🗑
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| show | The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson and declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.
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| Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) | show 🗑
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| Tinker v DesMoines Independent School District (1969) | show 🗑
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| show | The national government's (specifically Congress) power under the commerce clause does not permit it to regulate matters not directly related to interstate commerce (in this case, banning firearms in a school zone)
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| New York Times v. US (1971) | show 🗑
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| Baker v. Carr (1961) | show 🗑
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| show | Compelling Amish students to attend school past the eighth grade violates the Free Exercise clause of the First Amendment.
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| show | The freedom of speech protection afforded in the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment could be restricted if the words spoken or printed represented to society a "clear and present danger."
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| show | The Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which guarantees "the right of the people to keep and bear Arms," applies to state and local governments as well as to the federal government..
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| Shaw v. Reno (1993) | show 🗑
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| Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) | show 🗑
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| Brutus 1 | show 🗑
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| show | Rebellion in 1786 / 1787 that showed the weakness of the early federal government in maintaining order
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| Connecticut Compromise | show 🗑
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| show | A rule that provides that otherwise admissible evidence cannot be used in a criminal trial if it was the result of illegal police conduct.
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| Equal Protection Clause | show 🗑
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| Selective Incorporation Doctrine | show 🗑
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| show | Prohibited state-sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools by virtue of 1st Amendment's establishment clause and the 14th Amendment's due process clause.
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| show | Certain state criminal abortion laws violate the Due Process clause of the 14th Amendment, which protects against state action the (implied) right to privacy in the Bill of Rights.
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| show | The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause
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| show | Grand Jury indictment, no double jeopardy, no self-incrimination, takings clause
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| show | Speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury; be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation;to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.
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| 7th Amendment | show 🗑
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| show | Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
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| show | The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
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| show | The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
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| show | Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed due process and equal protection of the laws.
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| show | Eliminated the poll tax as a prerequisite to vote in national elections.
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| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | show 🗑
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| show | A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage
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| show | A law that requires employers and public facilities to make "reasonable accommodations" for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment.
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| Title IX of Education Act of 1972 | show 🗑
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| Cloture | show 🗑
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| show | The practice of legislators obtaining funds through legislation that favors their home districts.
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| Logrolling | show 🗑
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| show | A representative who votes based on what he or she thinks is best for his or her constituency
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| show | A representative who votes according to the preferences of his or her constituency
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| show | a statement issued by a president upon the signing of a bill into law by which the president indicates his or her interpretation of the law.
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| show | power of the president to protect the privacy interests of the executive branch.
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| show | Issue regulations, enforce penalties for violations of their regulations. The heads of these agencies are appointed by the president and require Senate approval. Key examples include: FTC, FDA, FCC, OSHA, EPA, CPSC, FEC.
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| show | Non-profit companies owned by the federal government. Key examples: Amtrak and USPS.
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| show | Federal agencies that aren't large or important enough to get department status. Directors appointed by President w/ advice & consent of Senate. Ex. NASA, CIA, EPA.
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| show | In court rulings, a reliance on past decisions or precedents to formulate decisions in new cases.
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| Judicial Activism | show 🗑
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| Judicial Restraint | show 🗑
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| show | The power of a court to determine the constitutionality of a governmental action.
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| show | A founding document which defends the power of judicial review. Argues that the federal courts have the duty to determine whether acts of Congress are constitutional, and to follow the Constitution when there is inconsistency
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| Iron Triangle | show 🗑
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| Conference Committees | show 🗑
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| Faithfully Executed Clause | show 🗑
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| show | An accused person who flees to another state must be returned to the state in which he/she allegedly committed the crime.
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| Privileges and Immunities Clause | show 🗑
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| War Powers Clause | show 🗑
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| show | Establish the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Branches respectively
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| show | A founding document of the United States, authored by Alexander Hamilton. Defends that it is easier and more effective to have a singular executive rather than a plural one.
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| 22nd Amendment (1951) | show 🗑
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| show | Establishes the Presidential succession and the protocol in the event of presidential disability.
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| show | The presidential and vice-presidential nominees would run on the same party ticket.
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| show | Literally, a "friend of the court" brief, filed by an individual or organization to present arguments in addition to those presented by the immediate parties to a case.
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| show | Tool developed in the twentieth century for systematically investigating the opinions of ordinary people, based on random samples.
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| show | Interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings and beliefs of the entire population.
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| Benchmark Polls | show 🗑
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| show | Continuous surveys that enable a campaign or news organization to chart a candidate's daily rise or fall in support.
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| Entrance Polls | show 🗑
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| Push Polls | show 🗑
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| show | Polls conducted as voters leave selected polling places on Election Day.
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| show | 35 years old, lived in country 14 years, natural born U.S. citizen
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| Formal Qualifications for Senator | show 🗑
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| Formal Qualifications for a member of the House | show 🗑
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| Formal Qualification for SCOTUS | show 🗑
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| Article IV of the Constitution | show 🗑
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| show | Describes the process for amending the Constitution.
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| show | Establishes the laws and treaties of the US as the supreme law of the land, forbids a religious test as a requirement for holding a governmental position, and holds the US under the Const responsible for debts under the Articles of Confed.
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| show | Ratification of the Constitution
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| show | A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.
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| Cooperative Federalism | show 🗑
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| show | The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government's relations with state and local governments.
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| Federalist 10 | show 🗑
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| Federalist 51 | show 🗑
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| show | The transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government back to the states.
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| Writ of Certiorari | show 🗑
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| show | Issue with how the law is executed
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| Substantive Due Process | show 🗑
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Created by:
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Popular American Government sets