Tx his. 2010
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Abolitionist – one who wants to abolish (end) slavery Absolute location – the exact position of a place (latitude and longitude) Agriculture – producing crops & raising livestock; ranching & farming Alcalde – chief official of a Spanish town Amendment | executive, legislative, and judicial Sheriff – the chief law enforcement agent for the county States rights – the position that the federal (national) government should not interfere with the states’ exercise of their constitutional powers Subsiste
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Abolitionist – one who wants to abolish (end) slavery Absolute location – the exact position of a place (latitude and longitude) Agriculture – producing crops & raising livestock; ranching & farming Alcalde – chief official of a Spanish town Amendment | executive, legislative, and judicial Sheriff – the chief law enforcement agent for the county States rights – the position that the federal (national) government should not interfere with the states’ exercise of their constitutional powers Subsiste
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Abolitionist – | one who wants to abolish (end) slavery
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Absolute location – | the exact position of a place (latitude and longitude)
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Agriculture – |
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Alcalde – | chief official of a Spanish town
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Annexation – | to incorporate (add) a territory or county into another country
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Archives – | official government documents
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Bill of Rights – | series of laws in a constitution that protect specific rights of citizens
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Blockade – | to isolate an enemy by using troops or warships to prevent the passage of supplies & people
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Bond – |
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Capital – city that is the seat of government |
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Capitol – a building where a legislative body meets |
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Cash crops – crops raised to make money |
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Centralism – belief that government power should be concentrated in the national government |
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Checks and balances – a system where each branch of government has the ability to limit the actions of the other branches |
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Civil rights – the rights of personal liberty guaranteed to the U.S. citizens by the Constitution & Congress |
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Colonization – a group of settlers from a distant land who settle a colony |
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Commissioner’s Court – the most important governing body in the county government; responsible for determining the budget, setting the property tax rate, and deciding how $ is spent |
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Confederacy – a union of people or groups |
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Conquistador – Spanish soldier who sought riches (gold) and power (glory) for themselves & Spain |
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Constitution – document that outlines fundamental laws & principles of law; describes the nature, functions, & limits of government |
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Convention – meeting of delegates of a political part to form policies & select candidates |
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Culture – the way of life developed by a group of people to satisfy its need |
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Democracy – government by the people; popular sovereignty |
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Dictator – a leader who controls an area through absolute power |
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Discrimination – to make distinctions in treatment; show prejudice |
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Elevation – the height of the land |
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Executive – having to do with the chief officer of a government; branch of government that enforces the law |
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Expenditures – money paid out |
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Federalism – type of government in which powers & duties between the states & national government are shared |
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Filibuster – an individual who carries out rebellious activities in a foreign country |
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Forbade – (forbid) prohibit; to prevent |
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Freedmen’s Bureau – government agency used to help freed slaves with clothing, food, shelter, jobs |
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Friar – member of Catholic religious order; Spanish priest |
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General election – major election held on the 1st Tue. after the 1st Mon. of Nov. in even-numbered years |
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Geography – the study of the aspects of earth & the people who live on it Human-Environment |
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Interaction – how people use, adapt to, or change their surroundings & how the physical environment often affects humans |
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Impeach – bring charges against (usually a government officials) |
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Independence – freedom the influence or control of others |
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Individual rights – Bill of Rights; a person’s freedoms or civil liberties |
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Judicial – having to do with the courts or law or the justice system; branch of government that interprets the law |
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Ku Klux Klan – (KKK) group who used violence & threats to prevent African Americans from voting |
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Legislature – elected officials who make the laws for the state |
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Liberty – freedom |
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Limited government – certain actions cannot be take; not all-powerful; the government & the leaders are limited to those powers given by the people |
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Manifest Destiny – the view that it was fated that the U.S. should expand its borders from coast to coast |
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Mestizo – a person of mixed blood (Spanish & Native American) |
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Migrate – to settle in another country or region |
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Mission – a religious settlement (Spanish church facility) |
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Monarchy – government with a hereditary ruler; king or queen |
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Nomadic – moving from place to place |
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Old Three Hundred – Austin’s original settlers to his 1st colony |
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Pardon – to excuse from punishment Petroleum – oil |
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Popular sovereignty – political power belongs to the people; democracy |
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Port – a city with a harbor where ships load & unload cargo |
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Precipitation – rain, sleet, snow, ice, dew |
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Presidio – a Spanish military outpost |
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Primary election – an election in which party members choose the party’s | 1 candidate for the general election
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Primary source – items that are known by first-hand experience or eyewitnesses |
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Rebellion – armed resistance to one’s government |
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Recognition – to acknowledge the status of a government |
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Reconstruction – the effort to organize the seceded states & bring them back into the Union; rebuilding the South after the Civil War |
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Region – an area that is unified by one or more common characteristics |
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Relative location – the location of a place in relation to other places |
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Republicanism – type of government where the citizens elect people to represent them |
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Reservation – government land reserved for the Native American population after forcing them off their land |
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Revenue – money that a nation or state collects |
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Secede - withdraw |
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Secondary source – items that are know second-hand; encyclopedia, internet, textbook |
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Sedentary – marked by such sitting; native groups that have learned to farm so they can stay in one place |
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Shaman – a person who is believed to have the power to cure the sick & forecast & control the future |
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Special election – election held to fill vacancies, approve local bond proposals, taxes, & amendments |
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Separation of Power – the term for the fact that the powers of government are divided into 3 separate branches: executive, legislative, and judicial |
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Sheriff – the chief law enforcement agent for the county |
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States rights – the position that the federal (national) government should not interfere with the states’ exercise of their constitutional powers |
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Subsistence crops – a crop grown to be used on the farm where it was raised |
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Suffrage – the right to vote |
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Tejano – a person of Mexican heritage who considers Texas as home |
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Territory – a part of a country that does not have full status |
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Union – another name for the U.S. or North during the Civil War |
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Vaqueros – a Spanish cowhand (cowboy) |
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1.Name the two reasons that the Native American culture decline in North America: a._War_ b._Disease_ |
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2. Describe the Native American view on life in the Spanish missions: _refused mission life _ |
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3. Was the Native American Plains culture nomadic or sedentary: nomadic |
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4. What three things were the Comanches known for: a. _nomadic = horse riding skills b. _hunting c. _war_ |
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Pineda: 1519 2 1st European to map the gulf coast from Florida to Mexico without exploring the interior of Texas |
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Cortez: 1519 2 Conquered the Aztec Empire |
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Coronado: 1542 4 Sent by Viceroy Mendoza to look for Cibola |
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Cabeza de Vaca: 1528 3 Shipwrecked on Malhado (Galveston Island); Survived by adopting the ways of the Karankawa tribe and became a shaman |
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Columbus: 1492 1 Discovered the New World while looking for a new trade route to Asia |
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LaSalle: 1682 5 Explored the Mississippi River and named the area Louisiana after King Louis XIV; Built Fort St. Louis in Texas near Matagorda Bay 6. |
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What role did Stephen F. Austin have in colonizing Texas? Where was his first colony located?: brought the first Americans to Texas; first Anglo empresario of Texas; colony located between the Colorado and Brazos Rivers; “Old Three Hundred” |
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7. Describe Lamar’s view on education (including his nickname): _”Father of Education in Texas; wanted Texas to become a great nation and had to be educated in order to be successful |
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8. What was the significance and result of the Santa Fe Expedition during Lamar’s presidency?: Lamar sent an expedition to take control of the trading post at Santa Fe; needed this post in order to expand Texas westward; expedition was unsuccessful due t |
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9. Describe Sam Houston’s views on annexation as president of Texas and secession during the Civil War as governor of Texas.: Believed that the only way for Texas to be successful was to be a part of the U.S.; pushed for annexation during both terms as Pr |
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10. Describe Santa Anna’s role in the following events of the Texas Revolution?: a. Constitution of 1824 - _refused to follow; angered the Texas colonists b. Alamo - _Mexican commander; ordered the death of all the Texans inside c. Runaway Scrape – burn e |
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11. Father Hidalgo: Spanish priest who called for independence of Mexico from Spain |
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12. George C. Childress: _Wrote the Texas Declaration of Independence_ |
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13. Anson Jones: _4th and last president of the Republic of Texas |
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14. Jefferson Davis: _President of the Confederacy_ |
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15. Andrew Johnson: _17th U.S. President during the Reconstruction Era; first president to be impeached |
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16. Robert E. Lee: Confederate general during the entire Civil War |
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17. Abraham Lincoln: 16th U.S. President during the Civil War; 1st president to be assassinated |
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18. Ulysses S. Grant: U.S. general who defeated Robert E. Lee; accepted Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House_ |
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19. Dred Scott: slave who sued for his freedom; Supreme Court said slaves were property not humans_ |
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1519: Spanish exploration begins with Pineda along the coast and Cortez in Mexico |
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1718: Mission San Antonio de Valero is established |
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1803: France sales Louisiana Territory to the US (Louisiana Purchase) |
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1819: Adams-Onis Treaty is signed |
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1821: Mexico gains its independence from Spain; Anglos begin migrating to Texas |
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1836: Texas Declaration of Independence is written (March 2) The Battle of the Alamo (March 6) Texas gains Independence (April 21) |
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1845: Texas is annexed by the United States (December 29) |
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1846: Mexican/American War begins (ends in 1848) |
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1850: Compromise of 1850 (Texas borders are formed) |
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1861: Civil War begins |
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1865: Civil War ends |
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1876: Texas adopts the present day state constitution |
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1900: Great Storm hits Galveston, which caused the citizens to build a seawall |
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1901: Oil discovered at Spindletop, Beaumont |
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1. The executive branch can veto the laws passed by the legislative branch in the principle known as: checks and balances. |
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2. Texas has had: 7 constitutions. |
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3. The U.S. and Texas Constitutions are similar because they both have a :separation of power, which means they both have the following three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. These branches all have the right to over see the other two branc |
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4. The principle of sharing powers between the federal and state governments is called :federalism. |
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5. The principle of popular sovereignty establishes a government in which the :people rule, “We the People…” |
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1. When a governor vetoes a bill, the bill returns to the :legislative branch. |
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2. The Texas Education Agency is the name of the agency that serves as the administrative unit for :public education. |
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3. The legislative branches of the United States and of Texas both have legislatures composed two houses: a Senate and a House of Representatives. |
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1. Income tax provides revenue for the federal government, sales tax provides most of the revenue for state government, and property taxes provide the most revenue for local (city/county) governments. |
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2. The chief law enforcement official of the county is the :sheriff. |
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3. Supervising the police and fire departments and maintaining water and sewer service would be responsibilities of the :county government. |
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4. Texas has :254: counties. |
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5. Property taxes, fees for permits, and bonds are three sources of revenue for :city governments. |
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6. Political parties elect their candidates in :primary elections. |
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What 3 factors affect the climate of Texas?: a. Absolute location b. Relative Location c. Elevation_ |
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Regions of Texas Be able to locate and identify the four main regions of Texas, which are: |
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1. Mountains and Basins_ 2. Coastal Plains 3. Great Plains 4. North Central Plains |
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1. The development of agriculture allowed Native Americans to have a more dependable food source and led to more :complex societies. |
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2. Nomadic tribes lived in :temporary housing and were constantly in search of food |
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Sedentary tribes lived in :permanent housing and farmed. |
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1. People migrate from the continent of Asia to present day Alaska across a :land bridge because they are following the herds as hunters. |
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Then they learn to acquire food through :farming. |
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Following this, Europeans arrive in :1492. |
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2. Coronado’s mission was thought to be a failure because he did not find any :gold. |
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3. After La Salle built Fort St. Louis, the Spanish reaction was to :(increase/decrease) colonization efforts in East Texas. |
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1. The Spanish established missions to convert and civilize :Native Americans. |
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2. Mission San Antonio de Valero was founded in :1718 and is known as the Alamo. |
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3. The first permanent settlement in Texas was :Corpus Christi de la Ysleta (El Paso). |
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4. The Spanish mission system begins in San Antonio as a :mid-way point to the east Texas missions. This begins in the year 1719. |
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5. The first Spanish mission in East Texas was :San Francisco de los Tejas. |
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6. The Spanish renewed their interest in East Texas when the Americans purchased :Louisiana Territory in 1803. |
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1. The Louisiana Purchase takes place in the year :1803 with the nation of France selling the Louisiana Territory to the nation of United States for $15 million dollars. |
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2. Spanish vaqueros, or cowhands, influenced the Texas ranching system with :practices, methods, and equipment such as lariats, chaps, and branding. |
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