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P-History
Tx his. 2010
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abolitionist – one who wants to abolish (end) slavery Absolute location – the exact position of a place (latitude and longitude) Agriculture – producing crops & raising livestock; ranching & farming Alcalde – chief official of a Spanish town Amendment | executive, legislative, and judicial Sheriff – the chief law enforcement agent for the county States rights – the position that the federal (national) government should not interfere with the states’ exercise of their constitutional powers Subsiste |
| Abolitionist – one who wants to abolish (end) slavery Absolute location – the exact position of a place (latitude and longitude) Agriculture – producing crops & raising livestock; ranching & farming Alcalde – chief official of a Spanish town Amendment | executive, legislative, and judicial Sheriff – the chief law enforcement agent for the county States rights – the position that the federal (national) government should not interfere with the states’ exercise of their constitutional powers Subsiste |
| Abolitionist – | one who wants to abolish (end) slavery |
| Absolute location – | the exact position of a place (latitude and longitude) |
| Agriculture – | |
| Alcalde – | chief official of a Spanish town |
| Annexation – | to incorporate (add) a territory or county into another country |
| Archives – | official government documents |
| Bill of Rights – | series of laws in a constitution that protect specific rights of citizens |
| Blockade – | to isolate an enemy by using troops or warships to prevent the passage of supplies & people |
| Bond – | |
| Capital – city that is the seat of government | |
| Capitol – a building where a legislative body meets | |
| Cash crops – crops raised to make money | |
| Centralism – belief that government power should be concentrated in the national government | |
| Checks and balances – a system where each branch of government has the ability to limit the actions of the other branches | |
| Civil rights – the rights of personal liberty guaranteed to the U.S. citizens by the Constitution & Congress | |
| Colonization – a group of settlers from a distant land who settle a colony | |
| Commissioner’s Court – the most important governing body in the county government; responsible for determining the budget, setting the property tax rate, and deciding how $ is spent | |
| Confederacy – a union of people or groups | |
| Conquistador – Spanish soldier who sought riches (gold) and power (glory) for themselves & Spain | |
| Constitution – document that outlines fundamental laws & principles of law; describes the nature, functions, & limits of government | |
| Convention – meeting of delegates of a political part to form policies & select candidates | |
| Culture – the way of life developed by a group of people to satisfy its need | |
| Democracy – government by the people; popular sovereignty | |
| Dictator – a leader who controls an area through absolute power | |
| Discrimination – to make distinctions in treatment; show prejudice | |
| Elevation – the height of the land | |
| Executive – having to do with the chief officer of a government; branch of government that enforces the law | |
| Expenditures – money paid out | |
| Federalism – type of government in which powers & duties between the states & national government are shared | |
| Filibuster – an individual who carries out rebellious activities in a foreign country | |
| Forbade – (forbid) prohibit; to prevent | |
| Freedmen’s Bureau – government agency used to help freed slaves with clothing, food, shelter, jobs | |
| Friar – member of Catholic religious order; Spanish priest | |
| General election – major election held on the 1st Tue. after the 1st Mon. of Nov. in even-numbered years | |
| Geography – the study of the aspects of earth & the people who live on it Human-Environment | |
| Interaction – how people use, adapt to, or change their surroundings & how the physical environment often affects humans | |
| Impeach – bring charges against (usually a government officials) | |
| Independence – freedom the influence or control of others | |
| Individual rights – Bill of Rights; a person’s freedoms or civil liberties | |
| Judicial – having to do with the courts or law or the justice system; branch of government that interprets the law | |
| Ku Klux Klan – (KKK) group who used violence & threats to prevent African Americans from voting | |
| Legislature – elected officials who make the laws for the state | |
| Liberty – freedom | |
| Limited government – certain actions cannot be take; not all-powerful; the government & the leaders are limited to those powers given by the people | |
| Manifest Destiny – the view that it was fated that the U.S. should expand its borders from coast to coast | |
| Mestizo – a person of mixed blood (Spanish & Native American) | |
| Migrate – to settle in another country or region | |
| Mission – a religious settlement (Spanish church facility) | |
| Monarchy – government with a hereditary ruler; king or queen | |
| Nomadic – moving from place to place | |
| Old Three Hundred – Austin’s original settlers to his 1st colony | |
| Pardon – to excuse from punishment Petroleum – oil | |
| Popular sovereignty – political power belongs to the people; democracy | |
| Port – a city with a harbor where ships load & unload cargo | |
| Precipitation – rain, sleet, snow, ice, dew | |
| Presidio – a Spanish military outpost | |
| Primary election – an election in which party members choose the party’s | 1 candidate for the general election |
| Primary source – items that are known by first-hand experience or eyewitnesses | |
| Rebellion – armed resistance to one’s government | |
| Recognition – to acknowledge the status of a government | |
| Reconstruction – the effort to organize the seceded states & bring them back into the Union; rebuilding the South after the Civil War | |
| Region – an area that is unified by one or more common characteristics | |
| Relative location – the location of a place in relation to other places | |
| Republicanism – type of government where the citizens elect people to represent them | |
| Reservation – government land reserved for the Native American population after forcing them off their land | |
| Revenue – money that a nation or state collects | |
| Secede - withdraw | |
| Secondary source – items that are know second-hand; encyclopedia, internet, textbook | |
| Sedentary – marked by such sitting; native groups that have learned to farm so they can stay in one place | |
| Shaman – a person who is believed to have the power to cure the sick & forecast & control the future | |
| Special election – election held to fill vacancies, approve local bond proposals, taxes, & amendments | |
| Separation of Power – the term for the fact that the powers of government are divided into 3 separate branches: executive, legislative, and judicial | |
| Sheriff – the chief law enforcement agent for the county | |
| States rights – the position that the federal (national) government should not interfere with the states’ exercise of their constitutional powers | |
| Subsistence crops – a crop grown to be used on the farm where it was raised | |
| Suffrage – the right to vote | |
| Tejano – a person of Mexican heritage who considers Texas as home | |
| Territory – a part of a country that does not have full status | |
| Union – another name for the U.S. or North during the Civil War | |
| Vaqueros – a Spanish cowhand (cowboy) | |
| 1.Name the two reasons that the Native American culture decline in North America: a._War_ b._Disease_ | |
| 2. Describe the Native American view on life in the Spanish missions: _refused mission life _ | |
| 3. Was the Native American Plains culture nomadic or sedentary: nomadic | |
| 4. What three things were the Comanches known for: a. _nomadic = horse riding skills b. _hunting c. _war_ | |
| Pineda: 1519 2 1st European to map the gulf coast from Florida to Mexico without exploring the interior of Texas | |
| Cortez: 1519 2 Conquered the Aztec Empire | |
| Coronado: 1542 4 Sent by Viceroy Mendoza to look for Cibola | |
| Cabeza de Vaca: 1528 3 Shipwrecked on Malhado (Galveston Island); Survived by adopting the ways of the Karankawa tribe and became a shaman | |
| Columbus: 1492 1 Discovered the New World while looking for a new trade route to Asia | |
| LaSalle: 1682 5 Explored the Mississippi River and named the area Louisiana after King Louis XIV; Built Fort St. Louis in Texas near Matagorda Bay 6. | |
| What role did Stephen F. Austin have in colonizing Texas? Where was his first colony located?: brought the first Americans to Texas; first Anglo empresario of Texas; colony located between the Colorado and Brazos Rivers; “Old Three Hundred” | |
| 7. Describe Lamar’s view on education (including his nickname): _”Father of Education in Texas; wanted Texas to become a great nation and had to be educated in order to be successful | |
| 8. What was the significance and result of the Santa Fe Expedition during Lamar’s presidency?: Lamar sent an expedition to take control of the trading post at Santa Fe; needed this post in order to expand Texas westward; expedition was unsuccessful due t | |
| 9. Describe Sam Houston’s views on annexation as president of Texas and secession during the Civil War as governor of Texas.: Believed that the only way for Texas to be successful was to be a part of the U.S.; pushed for annexation during both terms as Pr | |
| 10. Describe Santa Anna’s role in the following events of the Texas Revolution?: a. Constitution of 1824 - _refused to follow; angered the Texas colonists b. Alamo - _Mexican commander; ordered the death of all the Texans inside c. Runaway Scrape – burn e | |
| 11. Father Hidalgo: Spanish priest who called for independence of Mexico from Spain | |
| 12. George C. Childress: _Wrote the Texas Declaration of Independence_ | |
| 13. Anson Jones: _4th and last president of the Republic of Texas | |
| 14. Jefferson Davis: _President of the Confederacy_ | |
| 15. Andrew Johnson: _17th U.S. President during the Reconstruction Era; first president to be impeached | |
| 16. Robert E. Lee: Confederate general during the entire Civil War | |
| 17. Abraham Lincoln: 16th U.S. President during the Civil War; 1st president to be assassinated | |
| 18. Ulysses S. Grant: U.S. general who defeated Robert E. Lee; accepted Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House_ | |
| 19. Dred Scott: slave who sued for his freedom; Supreme Court said slaves were property not humans_ | |
| 1519: Spanish exploration begins with Pineda along the coast and Cortez in Mexico | |
| 1718: Mission San Antonio de Valero is established | |
| 1803: France sales Louisiana Territory to the US (Louisiana Purchase) | |
| 1819: Adams-Onis Treaty is signed | |
| 1821: Mexico gains its independence from Spain; Anglos begin migrating to Texas | |
| 1836: Texas Declaration of Independence is written (March 2) The Battle of the Alamo (March 6) Texas gains Independence (April 21) | |
| 1845: Texas is annexed by the United States (December 29) | |
| 1846: Mexican/American War begins (ends in 1848) | |
| 1850: Compromise of 1850 (Texas borders are formed) | |
| 1861: Civil War begins | |
| 1865: Civil War ends | |
| 1876: Texas adopts the present day state constitution | |
| 1900: Great Storm hits Galveston, which caused the citizens to build a seawall | |
| 1901: Oil discovered at Spindletop, Beaumont | |
| 1. The executive branch can veto the laws passed by the legislative branch in the principle known as: checks and balances. | |
| 2. Texas has had: 7 constitutions. | |
| 3. The U.S. and Texas Constitutions are similar because they both have a :separation of power, which means they both have the following three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. These branches all have the right to over see the other two branc | |
| 4. The principle of sharing powers between the federal and state governments is called :federalism. | |
| 5. The principle of popular sovereignty establishes a government in which the :people rule, “We the People…” | |
| 1. When a governor vetoes a bill, the bill returns to the :legislative branch. | |
| 2. The Texas Education Agency is the name of the agency that serves as the administrative unit for :public education. | |
| 3. The legislative branches of the United States and of Texas both have legislatures composed two houses: a Senate and a House of Representatives. | |
| 1. Income tax provides revenue for the federal government, sales tax provides most of the revenue for state government, and property taxes provide the most revenue for local (city/county) governments. | |
| 2. The chief law enforcement official of the county is the :sheriff. | |
| 3. Supervising the police and fire departments and maintaining water and sewer service would be responsibilities of the :county government. | |
| 4. Texas has :254: counties. | |
| 5. Property taxes, fees for permits, and bonds are three sources of revenue for :city governments. | |
| 6. Political parties elect their candidates in :primary elections. | |
| What 3 factors affect the climate of Texas?: a. Absolute location b. Relative Location c. Elevation_ | |
| Regions of Texas Be able to locate and identify the four main regions of Texas, which are: | |
| 1. Mountains and Basins_ 2. Coastal Plains 3. Great Plains 4. North Central Plains | |
| 1. The development of agriculture allowed Native Americans to have a more dependable food source and led to more :complex societies. | |
| 2. Nomadic tribes lived in :temporary housing and were constantly in search of food | |
| Sedentary tribes lived in :permanent housing and farmed. | |
| 1. People migrate from the continent of Asia to present day Alaska across a :land bridge because they are following the herds as hunters. | |
| Then they learn to acquire food through :farming. | |
| Following this, Europeans arrive in :1492. | |
| 2. Coronado’s mission was thought to be a failure because he did not find any :gold. | |
| 3. After La Salle built Fort St. Louis, the Spanish reaction was to :(increase/decrease) colonization efforts in East Texas. | |
| 1. The Spanish established missions to convert and civilize :Native Americans. | |
| 2. Mission San Antonio de Valero was founded in :1718 and is known as the Alamo. | |
| 3. The first permanent settlement in Texas was :Corpus Christi de la Ysleta (El Paso). | |
| 4. The Spanish mission system begins in San Antonio as a :mid-way point to the east Texas missions. This begins in the year 1719. | |
| 5. The first Spanish mission in East Texas was :San Francisco de los Tejas. | |
| 6. The Spanish renewed their interest in East Texas when the Americans purchased :Louisiana Territory in 1803. | |
| 1. The Louisiana Purchase takes place in the year :1803 with the nation of France selling the Louisiana Territory to the nation of United States for $15 million dollars. | |
| 2. Spanish vaqueros, or cowhands, influenced the Texas ranching system with :practices, methods, and equipment such as lariats, chaps, and branding. |
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