Circ I
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| 3 main functions of blood | transport, regulation, protection
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| composition of blood (2) | plasma and formed elements (blood cells)
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| 3 main plasma proteins | albumin, fibrinogen, globulins
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| albumin | maintains osmotic pressure of blood, most abundant of plasma proteins
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| fibrinogen | plasma protein, clotting factors, hemostasis, mfg in liver
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| globulins | plasma protein, main component of antibodies, protects us from infection, acts as carriers for molecules like fat
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| neutrophils | WBC granulocyte, segmented and banded, most important role is phagocytosis, 10-12 hours lifespan
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| basophil | WBC granulocyte, releases histamine, contains anticoagulants (heparin), 3-7 days lifespan
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| eosinophil | WBC granulocyte, releases chemicals that destroy certain parasites, 12 hours-3 days lifespan
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| B-lymphocytes | WBC agranulocyte, originates in bone marrow
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| T-lymphocytes | WBC agranulocyte, originates in thymus gland
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| monocyte | WBC agranulocyte, macrophage
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| thrombocytes (platelets) | smallest blood cell, life span 5-9 days, produced in red bone marrow as fragments of megakaryocytes. Function - prevent blood loss, essential to hemostasis
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| hemostasis | process that stops bleeding
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| 3 events of hemostasis | 1. Blood vessel spasm. 2. Formation of a platelet plug. 3. Blood clotting/coagulation
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| epicardium | outer layer of the heart, consists of squamous epithelial cells that overlie connective tissue
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| pericardium | tough fibrous sac that surrounds/protects heart, made up of fibrous and serous pericardium
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| myocardium | middle layer of the heart, consists of striated muscle fibers that cause heart contractions "myocardial infarction" affects this
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| endocardium | innermost layer of heart, consists of endothelial tissue w/ small blood vessels and smooth muscle bundles
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| chambers of the heart | right atrium - receives deoxygenated blood from superior and inferior vena cava. left atrium - gets oxygenated blood from 4 pulmonary veins (arteries)
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| interventricular septum | separates the right and left ventricles
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| function of heart valves | regulation, prevent backflow
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| conductance vessels | arteries
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| resistance vessels | arterioles
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| the smallest and most numerous of all the blood vessels | capillaries
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| blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back TO the heart | veins
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| innermost layer of a blood vessel | tunica intima
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| thick middle layer of blood vessel | tunica media
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| tough outer layer of blood vessel | tunica adventitia
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| primary function of large arteries | to conduct blood AWAY FROM the heart to the arterioles
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| exchange vessels | capillaries
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| capacitance vessels | veins, carry deoxygenated blood back TO the heart
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| veins contain _________ that direct flow of blood in one direction | 1-way valves
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| hepatic artery | carries oxygenated blood TO the liver
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| hepatic portal veins | carries DEOXYGENATED BLOOD to liver for detoxification before returning to heart
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| hepatic veins | carry DEOXYGENATED BLOOD from liver -> inferior vena cava
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| great saphenous vein | longest vein in body, merges w/ femoral vein, usually harvested for CAVGs
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| circle of Willis | where branches from internal carotid arteries and basilar artery form a circle of arteries at base of the brain, supplying the brain with blood
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| aneurysms commonly occur where? | at the Circle of Willis
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| right common carotid artery | arises from the brachiocephalic artery
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| left common carotid artery | arises directly from aortic arch
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| external carotid arteries | supply superficial areas of face/neck/scalp
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| internal carotid arteries | extend to the front part to the base of the brain
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| the blood flow to the stomach/spleen/pancreas/intestines/liver is referred to as...? | splanchnic circulation
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