Southeastern Institute A&P 12. Circulatory System
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| How much of the blood is plasma? | 55%
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| How much of the blood is solid elements? | 45%
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| Circulatory System Physiology | Transport gases, nutrients, waste, antibodies, hormones & heat, Protection through WBCs & removal of impurities & pathogens, Prevention of hemorrhage through clotting
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| Blood | Liquid connective tissue, Viscous, thicker and more adhesive than water, Slightly alkaline, Bright scarlet to dull maroon depending on oxygen content, 100’ F
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| Plasma | Straw colored liquid, Transports blood cells
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| Fibrogen is for | Blood clotting
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| Albumin is for | Blood thickening
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| Globulin is for | Protection from infection by being base for antibodies
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| Blood is formed in | Red bone marrow of long, flat, irregular bones
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| Erythrocytes | RBCs, Transport oxygen, Most numerous
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| Hemoglobin | Red pigment, Iron based protein, Combines with oxygen or carbon dioxide for transportation
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| Leukocytes | WBCs, Mobile army, Phagocytosis & pinocytosis
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| Thrombocytes | Platelets, Repairs by clotting
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| Mechanism of Clotting | Vascular spasm, Platelet plug, Coagulation
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| What vitamin is necessary for blood clotting? | K
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| Blood Types are determined by | Specific antigen (protein) attached to cell
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| AB | Universal recipient
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| O | Universal donor
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| Rh factor | Determines positive or negative blood type
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| Heart | Pump
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| Pericardium | Double layered sac that protects heart
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| Epicardium | Thin outer serous membrane of the heart, Adipose tissue
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| Myocardium | Thick middle muscle layer of the heart
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| Endocardium | Thin inner lining of the heart
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| Atria are located | Top chambers of the heart
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| Ventricles | Bottom chambers of the heart
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| Right atrium | Receives blood from superior & inferior Vena Cava
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| Right ventricle | Blood from right atrium, Out into pulmonary artery
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| Left atrium | Oxygen rich blood from pulmonary vein
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| Left ventricle | Blood from left atrium out to aorta
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| AV (atroventricular valve) | Separate atria and ventricle
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| Tricuspid | AV on right
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| Bicuspid | Mitral valve on left
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| Pulmonary SL | Between right ventricle & pulmonary trunk
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| Aortic SL | Between left ventricle & aorta
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| Cardiac Cycle is controlled by what part of the brain? | Medulla Oblongata
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| Deviation of Heart Rate | Arrythmia
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| Slow Heart Rate | Bradycardia, < 50 bpm
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| Rapid Heart Rate | Tachycardia, > 100 bpm
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| Arteries carry blood | Away from heart
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| Smaller blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart | arterioles
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| Capillaries | Smallest functional unit, One cell thick, site of gas exchange
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| Venules | Smallest vessels that carry blood to the heart
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| Veins | Carry blood to the heart
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| Lumen | Space in the blood vessel
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| Tunica Interna | Inner most layer of blood vessel
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| Tunica Medai | Middle layer of blood vessel, smooth muscle & thickest
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| Elastic Layer | Layer only found in arteries for expansion
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| Tunica Externa | Outer layer of blood vessel
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| Vasodilation | Enlargement of lumen diameter
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| Vasoconstriction | Shrinking of lumen diameter
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| Pulse | Expansion of arteries when the left ventricle contracts
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| Stroke Volume | Amount of blood expelled from the left ventricle into the aorta during contraction
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| Blood Pressure | Pressure exerted on artery wall when the left ventricle contracts
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| Systolic | Top number read during contraction of left ventricle
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| Diastolic | Bottom number read when left ventricle is at rest
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| Normal Blood Pressure | 120/80
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| High Blood Pressure | 160/95
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| Hyperemia | When blood flow is increased
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| Pulmonary Circuit | Deoxygenated blood from R. ventricle to lungs
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| Systemic Circuit | Blood leaving L ventricle and going to body
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| Hepatic Portal System | Renal circulation, Veinous system that collects blood from digestive organs, Brings blood to liver for digestion & storage
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| Coronary | Movement of blood through heart tissues
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