and Amplitude
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show | There is a spring like reaction that pushes molecules apart (electrical charges repel when molecules are pushed too close). This repeating pattern of compression and rarefactions creates energy wave..
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show | the transmission of energy from a source to a distant receiver without the transfer of matter between the two points (you don't feel air blowing out of a trumpet or violin. You just hear sound)
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Sound is... | show 🗑
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show | move through the air, but the molecules themselves do not move very far
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What is the velocity of propagation? | show 🗑
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show | It changes slightly with atmospheric conditions. Temperature, humidity, and altitude.
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What factors are taken into account in large PA systems at stadiums and festival concerts? | show 🗑
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show | Dense materials. The molecules are more closely packed. Sound moves faster in water than in air. Almost 3 mps in steel.
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show | It results in a pitch change of one octave.
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Octave shifts are independent of... | show 🗑
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How many octaves can most people hear? | show 🗑
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Wavelength | show 🗑
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show | Shows undulating lines of a wave. Peaks are pressure maximum. Troughs at pressure minimum. Cross on a line called the zero crossing.
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What should engineers and mixers know about octaves? | show 🗑
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show | POWER. Isn't heard very often in record music, as most people don't have equipment to record it well. Generates excitement in crowd at concerts. Felt as much as heard because it takes a great deal of energy to produce.
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show | POWER AND RHYTHM. Below 50 Hz is still in POWER range. Now moving into area where many rhythm instruments have their lowest frequencies.
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What is the octave 80-160 Hz used for in recorded music? | show 🗑
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show | RHYTHM and TUBBINESS. Higher basic frequencies of rhythm instruments like guitars. Frequencies above 250 Hz can make recordings sound tubby (lacking resonance, dull).
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show | BOXY. Excess energy will make music sound like it's being played in a small room or big box.
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show | HORN-LIKE. Cup hands around the mouth or talk through a funnel or megaphone. That's an idea of how this octave sounds.
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show | TINNY. Potential to emphasize sounds in a way that makes them sound tinny or brittle.
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What is the octave 2560-5120 Hz used for in recorded music? | show 🗑
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What is the octave 5120-10,240 Hz used for in recorded music? | show 🗑
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What is the octave 10,240-20,480 Hz used for in recorded music? | show 🗑
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What are sibilant sounds? | show 🗑
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show | As sound sources move towards or away from us at substantial speed, sound waves are distorted and pitch shifts noticeably. As waves get further from the source, they spread apart, and they are closer when you are right by the source.
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What quality of sound causes the Doppler Effect? | show 🗑
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show | The pitch is higher when the object is near you and the frequency is higher. It will be lower when it is further away.
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What is doubling? | show 🗑
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Why can't most speakers reproduce the extremes of frequency at a volume we can hear? | show 🗑
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What is a common range for some headphones and speakers? | show 🗑
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show | Decibel
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Where do decibels come from? | show 🗑
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show | They allow us to measure different things related to loudness and translate one form of energy to another and still have it make sense. Easily converted between different systems (voltage, current, air pressure variations, etc.)
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How does the decibel relate closely to physical experience? | show 🗑
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How are decibel measurements comparisons? | show 🗑
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Why can dB values be positive or negative? | show 🗑
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show | decibels Sound Pressure Level. Used because we're discussing loudness and what we hear.
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What is the reference value for dB SPL? | show 🗑
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show | The reference for dB SPL is the smallest audible sound.
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What is the volume of a conversation between two people, a few feet apart, in a reasonably quiet room? | show 🗑
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How does 70 dB compare to 60 dB? | show 🗑
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show | The loudness of a sound is determined by the amount of air being displaced.
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