Known Teratogens
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| Chemotherapeutic agents malformations | malformations, IUGR, pancytopenia, CNS damage, cardiomyopathy, pregnancy loss and prematurity
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| Types of chemotherapeutic agents | 1. Aminopterin and methotrexate
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| Patterns of malformations w. aminopterin and methotrexate | 1. Pre and post natal growth deficiency 2. Mild MR 3. Craniofacial anomalies 4. Limb abnormalities
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| Critical period for chemotherapeutic agents | 8-10 weeks gestation
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| Antihypertensives- worst | ACE inhibitors
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| ACE inhibitors heart malformations | PDA (along with IUGR, hypocalvaria, and renal tubular dysplasia)
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| ACE inhibitors critical period | second and third trimester
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| Anticonvulsants potential risks: | Malformations, OB complications, hemorrgage and other neonatal problems, developmental delays, behavioral problems
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| Anticonvulsant embryopathy | Broad depressed nasal bridge, short nose with anteverted nares, long philtrum, maxillary hypoplasia, fingernail hypoplasia
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| Anticonvulsants and meningomyelocele: | Valproic acid, carbamazepine
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| Anticonvulsants and oral clefts | Phenobarbitol, phenytoin and iamotrigine
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| Anticonvulsants and CHDs | 1. Phenobarbitol, phenytoin and valproic acid
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| Critical period for anticonvulsants... | None established
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| Low risk anticonvulsants | Lactimal
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| Risk of Maternal Epilepsy | Women with epilepsy have an increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, even when they are not taking anticonvulsants...
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| Androgenic hormones: types | DES, Fluconazole, Methimazole, Misoprostol, Penicillamine
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| DES | adenocarcinoma (up to 20 weeks)
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| Methimazole (hyperthyroidism) | aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp (critical period 1st trimester, usually 6 to 8 weeks)
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| Misoprostol | limb reduction defects, CNS anomalies, hydrocephalus and encephelomalacia, arthrogryposis
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| Retinoids (Vit A derivs) | Accutane/Isotretinoin, Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Thalidomide
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| Warfarin... | stippled eipihyses
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| Warfarin is an... | anticoagulant
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| Warfarin pattern of malformations... | prenatal onset growth deficiency, mental deficiency, seizures, severe hypoplasia of the nose, epiphyseal stippling
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| Drugs causing clefting | Thalidomide, Fluconazole (Androgenic hormone), Anticonvulsants, corticosteriods
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Created by:
KChatham
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