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Teratology
Known Teratogens
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemotherapeutic agents malformations | malformations, IUGR, pancytopenia, CNS damage, cardiomyopathy, pregnancy loss and prematurity |
| Types of chemotherapeutic agents | 1. Aminopterin and methotrexate |
| Patterns of malformations w. aminopterin and methotrexate | 1. Pre and post natal growth deficiency 2. Mild MR 3. Craniofacial anomalies 4. Limb abnormalities |
| Critical period for chemotherapeutic agents | 8-10 weeks gestation |
| Antihypertensives- worst | ACE inhibitors |
| ACE inhibitors heart malformations | PDA (along with IUGR, hypocalvaria, and renal tubular dysplasia) |
| ACE inhibitors critical period | second and third trimester |
| Anticonvulsants potential risks: | Malformations, OB complications, hemorrgage and other neonatal problems, developmental delays, behavioral problems |
| Anticonvulsant embryopathy | Broad depressed nasal bridge, short nose with anteverted nares, long philtrum, maxillary hypoplasia, fingernail hypoplasia |
| Anticonvulsants and meningomyelocele: | Valproic acid, carbamazepine |
| Anticonvulsants and oral clefts | Phenobarbitol, phenytoin and iamotrigine |
| Anticonvulsants and CHDs | 1. Phenobarbitol, phenytoin and valproic acid |
| Critical period for anticonvulsants... | None established |
| Low risk anticonvulsants | Lactimal |
| Risk of Maternal Epilepsy | Women with epilepsy have an increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, even when they are not taking anticonvulsants... |
| Androgenic hormones: types | DES, Fluconazole, Methimazole, Misoprostol, Penicillamine |
| DES | adenocarcinoma (up to 20 weeks) |
| Methimazole (hyperthyroidism) | aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp (critical period 1st trimester, usually 6 to 8 weeks) |
| Misoprostol | limb reduction defects, CNS anomalies, hydrocephalus and encephelomalacia, arthrogryposis |
| Retinoids (Vit A derivs) | Accutane/Isotretinoin, Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Thalidomide |
| Warfarin... | stippled eipihyses |
| Warfarin is an... | anticoagulant |
| Warfarin pattern of malformations... | prenatal onset growth deficiency, mental deficiency, seizures, severe hypoplasia of the nose, epiphyseal stippling |
| Drugs causing clefting | Thalidomide, Fluconazole (Androgenic hormone), Anticonvulsants, corticosteriods |
Created by:
KChatham
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