Elections
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| Incumbent
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| a candidate for political office who already holds the political office he or she is campaigning for
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| Primary Elections/Primaries
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| Preliminary, state by state, contests candidates must win in order to win the nomination of their party in the general election. Congress and the President participate in primaries to get elected.
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| Soft Money
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| Unlimited amounts of money used to back candidates without backing them by name. Corporations and unions were banned from using soft money by the 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act.
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| Split-Ticket Voting
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| voting for one party for one office and another for another
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| Political Action Committees (PACS)
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| organizations formed by corporations, unions, and trade associations with the purpose of raising funds (money)f or campaigns for political office. First allowed under the 1974 Federal Election Campaign Act
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| 527 Groups
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| A tax exempt organization that promotes a political agenda, although they cannot expressly advocate for or against a specific candidate.
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| Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974
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| act of Congress that limited campaign contributions, but allowed loopholes such as PACs and soft money
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| McCain-Feingold Act/Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002
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| act in 2002 that further limited campaign contributions and banned soft money. Allowed the loophole of 527 organizations, organizations that cannot back a candidate directly but may spend money backing a certain political agenda, or cause.
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| Nomination
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| when a party chooses their candidate for the national election
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| General Election
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| when voters decide which candidate will hold/be elected to the national office
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| Closed Primary
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| voting is restricted to registered members of a political party. Democrats vote for Democrats and Republicans for Republicans
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| Open Primary
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| voters may vote in only one party’s , primary but may vote in whichever primary they choose
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| Blanket Primary
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| voters may vote for one candidate per office of either party (only Alaska and Washington use this system)
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| Delegate
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| a citizen of a state who goes to the national convention of a political party to help nominate a candidate based on votes received during the state’s primary
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| Plurality
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| greatest number of votes, but not more than half
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| Runoff Primary
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| if no candidate receives the required share of votes in a primary, a runoff primary is held
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| Super-Delegates
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| Democrats grant automoatic delegate status to many elected party leaders who generally vote for the front runner in the convention
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| Presidential Elections
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| elections in which the President is being determined
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| Midterm Elections
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| elections that occur in between Presidential Elections
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| Federal Matching Funds
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| Primary candidates who receive more than 10 percent of the vote in an election may apply for Federal Matching Funds, which essentially double all campaign contributions of $250 and under.
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| Super Tuesday
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| same day in March when many southern states hold their primaries, candidate can go a long way to winning nomination if he or she does well on this day
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| Front-Loading
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| states like New York and California have moved their primaries to earlier dates (more to the front) and have thus gained greater influence on the process
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| Federal Election Commission
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| government agency that monitors and enforces rules on campaign spending
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| Electoral College
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| institution created to keep the people of the USA from having too much influence on election of President by giving power to electors who cast electoral votes
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| Winner-take-all-System
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| winner of each states popular election takes all electoral votes in the electoral college
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| Mandate
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| idea that the public, by voting on one candidate or another overwhelmingly, can send a message about how they feel about the state of the nation
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