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Elections
| Incumbent |
| a candidate for political office who already holds the political office he or she is campaigning for |
| Primary Elections/Primaries |
| Preliminary, state by state, contests candidates must win in order to win the nomination of their party in the general election. Congress and the President participate in primaries to get elected. |
| Soft Money |
| Unlimited amounts of money used to back candidates without backing them by name. Corporations and unions were banned from using soft money by the 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act. |
| Split-Ticket Voting |
| voting for one party for one office and another for another |
| Political Action Committees (PACS) |
| organizations formed by corporations, unions, and trade associations with the purpose of raising funds (money)f or campaigns for political office. First allowed under the 1974 Federal Election Campaign Act |
| 527 Groups |
| A tax exempt organization that promotes a political agenda, although they cannot expressly advocate for or against a specific candidate. |
| Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974 |
| act of Congress that limited campaign contributions, but allowed loopholes such as PACs and soft money |
| McCain-Feingold Act/Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 |
| act in 2002 that further limited campaign contributions and banned soft money. Allowed the loophole of 527 organizations, organizations that cannot back a candidate directly but may spend money backing a certain political agenda, or cause. |
| Nomination |
| when a party chooses their candidate for the national election |
| General Election |
| when voters decide which candidate will hold/be elected to the national office |
| Closed Primary |
| voting is restricted to registered members of a political party. Democrats vote for Democrats and Republicans for Republicans |
| Open Primary |
| voters may vote in only one party’s , primary but may vote in whichever primary they choose |
| Blanket Primary |
| voters may vote for one candidate per office of either party (only Alaska and Washington use this system) |
| Delegate |
| a citizen of a state who goes to the national convention of a political party to help nominate a candidate based on votes received during the state’s primary |
| Plurality |
| greatest number of votes, but not more than half |
| Runoff Primary |
| if no candidate receives the required share of votes in a primary, a runoff primary is held |
| Super-Delegates |
| Democrats grant automoatic delegate status to many elected party leaders who generally vote for the front runner in the convention |
| Presidential Elections |
| elections in which the President is being determined |
| Midterm Elections |
| elections that occur in between Presidential Elections |
| Federal Matching Funds |
| Primary candidates who receive more than 10 percent of the vote in an election may apply for Federal Matching Funds, which essentially double all campaign contributions of $250 and under. |
| Super Tuesday |
| same day in March when many southern states hold their primaries, candidate can go a long way to winning nomination if he or she does well on this day |
| Front-Loading |
| states like New York and California have moved their primaries to earlier dates (more to the front) and have thus gained greater influence on the process |
| Federal Election Commission |
| government agency that monitors and enforces rules on campaign spending |
| Electoral College |
| institution created to keep the people of the USA from having too much influence on election of President by giving power to electors who cast electoral votes |
| Winner-take-all-System |
| winner of each states popular election takes all electoral votes in the electoral college |
| Mandate |
| idea that the public, by voting on one candidate or another overwhelmingly, can send a message about how they feel about the state of the nation |
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