Constitution and Fed
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| Articles of Confederation
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| The governmental structure of the first government of the United States of America (1774-1781). Existed during Revolutionary War and Northwest Ordinance (by which new states would enter Union) and set precedent for federalism.
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| New Jersey Plan
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| Plan for the government of the USA by which each state would be represented equally in the Congress. Federal government would be weaker than Virginia Plan.
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| Virginia Plan
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| Plan for the government of the USA in which the federal government would be strong and each state would be represented in Congress proportionately to its population.
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| Great Compromise
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| Solution to disagreement between VA and NJ Plans. Bicameral legislature created with a House of Representatives and a Senate
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| Three Fifths Compromise
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| Solved the conflict between Northern and Southern states over slavery by counting each slave as 3/5 of a person when counting for each state’s electoral votes in the Electoral College
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| The Federalist Papers
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| Articles supporting the ratification of the Constitution. Primary source for understanding the original intent of the Founders of our country.
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| Federalists
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| those who supported the ratification of the Constitution
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| Anti-Federalists
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| those who were against the ratification of the Constitution
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| Bill of Rights
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| 1st ten Amendments to the Constitution. Was promised by Federalists as way of persuading states to ratify Constitution
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| Necessary and Proper Clause
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| Part of the Constitution that allows Congress to make laws necessary and proper to carrying out its powers
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| Full Faith and Credit Clause
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| Part of the Constitution that requires states to accept court judgments, licenses, contracts and other civil acts of all other states
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| Supremacy Clause
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| Conflicts between state and federal law are resolved in favor of federal law
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| Separation of Powers
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| Power is separated between legislative branch, judicial branch and executive branch. Also prevents a person from serving in more than one branch of government at the same time.
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| Checks and Balances
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| Branches of government must share power and cooperate with each other in order to get anything done. In addition, each branch may limit/check the powers/existence of each other.
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| Veto
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| Reject legislation
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| Amendment
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| Changing the Constitution or a bill by adding parts
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| Ratify
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| Approve
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| Bicameral Legislature
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| Two house legislature
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| Pluralist Theory
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| Political power is so diffuse in our country that no one part is able to dominate
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| Marxist Theory
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| Political power is concentrated in the hands of those that control business and industry
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| Power-Elite Theory
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| Political power is concentrated in the hands of a small, elite group of political and economic elites
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| Bureaucratic Theory
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| Political power is held by those that make up the bureaucracy, those that control the day to day activities of our government
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| Federalism
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| a system of government where the national and state governments share powers
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| Dual Federalism
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| period during early part of our country where national and state governments were very independent. Has declined in importance since then.
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| Enumerated Powers
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| powers specifically given only to the federal/national government in our country
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| Reserved Powers
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| powers specifically given to the state government in our country
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| Concurrent Powers
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| powers shared by the national and state governments in our country
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| Categorical Grants
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| aid with strict provisions/rules from the federal government given to the states (favored by liberals) (Examples: Medicaid and the Food Stamp Programs)
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| Block Grants
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| aid with less restrictions and rules on how it can be spent (favored by conservatives
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