chapter 5
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| how many bones in the vertebral column | 26 bones, divided into 5 regions
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| Cervical | c1-c7
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| Thoracic | t1-t12
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| lumbar | l1 - l5
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| coccyx | tail bone
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| intervertebral discs | cushions between discs
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| Scoliosis | abnormal lateral curve
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| Kyphosis | hunchback caused by exaggerated thoracic curve
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| Lordosis | esaggerated lumbar curve "sway back"
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| Cranium | protects brain
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| frontal | front of skull
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| how many facial bones | 14
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| Long bone of upper arm | Humerus
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| Shoulder Blades | scapulae
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| collarbone | clavicle
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| tendon of the shoulder | rotator cuff
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| rotator cuff tear | overuse
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| separation | dislocation of AC joint
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| dislocation | completely out of joint
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| subluxation | incomplete dislocation
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| articulations | hinge joint
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| bones in the arm | humerus, ulna and radius
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| triceps brachii | single muscle that extends elbow and forearm
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| radius is on what side | thumb side
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| ulna is on what side | little finger side
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| Shoulder and arm are called what kind of joint | gliding joint
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| Ganglion cyst is filled with what | fluid
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| CTS Carpal tunnel syndrome | develops on front of wirst due to inflammation and swelling of tendon sheaths
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| Stenosing tenosynovitis | is inflammation of the synovial sheaths on the back of the wrist tht causes pressure to develope under the retinaculum
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| Phalanges are | fingers 14 bones in finger and thumb
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| carpals | connect wrist to metacarpals 8 bones
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| metacarpals | bones proximal to phalanges, middle
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| OA | Osteoarthritis, wear and tear
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| RA | Rheumatoid arthritis destruction of joints
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| JRA | juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in children usually outgrows children under 17
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| Dupuytren contracture | thickening and shortening of fibrous bands in the palm of the hand
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| flexor tendon injury | results from lacerations
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| fasciectomy | surgical removal of hypertrophied connective tissue
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| tendon reconstruction | stitches the two ends of a lacerated tendon back together
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| Arthrodesis | surgical fixation of a joint to prevent motion
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| arthroplasty | complete replacement of a damaged finger joint
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| reattachment | amputated fingers is performed
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| functions of pelvic griddle | supports axial skeletontransmit weight to lower limbs attaches lower limbs protects organs
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| os coax | hip bone
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| os coax, hip bone, consists of 3 bones | ilium, ischium, and pubis
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| cup shaped cavity of the hip | acetabulum
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| Thigh bone | Femur
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| SI (sacroiliac) joint strain | causes lower back pain
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| Diastasis symphysis pubis | stretching of pelvic ligaments
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| R.I.C.E. | rest, ice, compression, elavation
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| Hip joint is what kind of socket | ball and socket
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| arthrocentesis | aspiration of fluid from the hip joint
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| The knee is a hinged joint connecting what 4 bones | Femur which is the thigh bone Tibia which is the lower calf bone Patella knee cap fibula smaller lower calf bone
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| Quadricep, Hamstring, and Popliteal fossa are all muscles from what area | thigh
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| ACL | most common knee injury
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| Meniscus Injury | results from knee twisting
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| Chondromalacia patella | runner's knee
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| Talus articulates with tibia to form what joint | ankle
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| Four componets of skeletal system | bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments
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| components of the skeletal system provide what | support, protection, movement, blood formation, mineral storage and balance, detoxification
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| Bone growth factors | genes, nutrition, exercise, mineral depositoin, mineral resporption, vitamins, hormones
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| Healing process of fractures | blood vessels provide blood and bleed into fracture site, osteoblasts for callus, cancellous replaces the callus, osteoblasts produce bone which fuses bone segments
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| external manipulation | monuver outside of the skin
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| reduction | bone pulled from distal end back into alignment
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| external fixation uses | cast/splints/ traction
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| internal fixation used | screws/pinsrods/plates
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| closed fracture | skin is not broken
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| open fracture | skin is broken
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| displaced fracture | bone is not alligned
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| complete fracture | bone is in at least two complete fragments
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| greenstick fracture | bone bends and breaks on 1 side (sliver)
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| Fibrous joint class | 2 bones tightly bonded together Sutures=skull
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| cartilaginous | synchondroses-ribs
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| Synovial joint | contain synovial fluid- arms and leg
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| Rotation movement | to turn on axis
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| Flextion | bending
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| extension | straightening
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| abduction | away for midline
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| adduction | toward midline
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| prone | flat on your belly
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| supine | flat on your back
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| pronation | palms facing floor
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| Osteoarthritis | breakdown and destruction of joint cartilage
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| RA | rheumatoid arthritis inflammatory disease
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| Bursitis | inflammation of bursa
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| function of skeletal muscle | movement, posture, body heat, respiration, communication
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| Fascicles | bundles of muscle fibers -strained muscles
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| hypertrophy | increase in size but not number of muscle fibers
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| atrophy | diminished size of muscle tissue or organ - usually from nonuse
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| muscle strains | simple stretch in muscle or tendon
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| sprain | stretch or tear of a ligament, anle, knee or wrist.
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| fibromyalgia | pain in muscle fibers
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| myasthenia gravis | chronic autoimmune disease
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| muscular dystrophy | hereditary, progressive disorders affecting skeletal muscles.
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| tenosynovitis | inflammation of the sheath that surrounds a tendon -usually repetitive use
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| rhabdmyolysis | breakdown of muscle fibers
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| most common type of bone | long bones
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| DIAPHYSIS | the shaft of the log bone
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| epephysis | end of the bone
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| metaphysic | between the diaphysis and epephysis
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| periosteum | covers the outer surface of all bones
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| osteoblasts | build bone
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| matrix | cells, collagen, gel, calcium
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| osteoclast | Crushes and dissolves bones
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| most common type of bone | long bones
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| DIAPHYSIS | THE SHAFT Of the log bone
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| epephysis | end of the bone
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| metaphysic | between the diaphysis and epephysis
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| periosteum | covers the outer surface of all bones
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| osteoblasts | build bone
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| matrix | cells, collagen, gel, calcium
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| osteoclast | crushes and dissolves bones
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| osteoporosis | when osteoclasts outperforms osteoblasts
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| marrow | fatty blood forming tissue in the medullary cavity
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| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone due to infection
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| osteomalacia | vitamin d deficiency rickets in chidren
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| anchondroplasia | long bones stop growing in childhood
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| osteogenic sarcoma | most common malignant bone tumer between 10 - 15 years
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| osteogensis imperfecta | genetic disorder producing very brittle bones tht are easily fractured often in utero
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| 4 classes of bones | long, short, flat, ilregular
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