muscles
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| Origin Splenius | Spinous process of inferior cervical and superior thoracic vertebrae
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| Insertion Splenius | Mastoid process, occipital bone, and transverse processes of superior cervical verterbrae
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| Action Splenius | Extension of head and neck; lateral flexion and rotation of the head and neck
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| Orgin Transversopinalis | Transverse processes of vertebrae
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| Insertion Transversopinalis | Spinous process of more superior vertebrae
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| Action Transversospinalis | Extension of vertebral column; rotation of vertebral column; stablilizes the vertebral cloumn
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| Orgin Trapezius | Posterior surface of occipital bone; ligamentum nuchae; spinous process of thoracic vertebrae
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| Insertion Trapezius | Lateral third of clavical; acromion process; spine of scapula
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| Action Trapezius | Superior Fibers: elevate scapulaMiddle: Retract scapulaInferior: depress scapula
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| Orgin Rhomboid major and minor | Minor: Ligamentum nuchae; spinous process of vertebrae C7 and T1Major: spinous process of T2- T5
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| Insertion Rhomboid major and minor | Medial border of scapula
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| Action of Rhomboid major and minor | Retracts scapula: Elevates scapula; acts with pectoralis minor or inferiorly rotate scapula
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| Orgin Levator scapulae | Transverse process of C1- C4
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| Insertion Levator scapulae | Medial border of scapula near superior angle
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| Action Levator scapulae | Elevates scapula; acts with pectoralis minor or inferiorly rotate scapula
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| Orgin Serratus anterior | External surfaces of ribs 1-8
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| Insertion Serratus anterior | Medial border of scapula
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| Action Serratus anterior | Protraction and superior rotation of scapula; holds scapula against thoracic wall
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| Orgin Pectoralis minor | External surfaces of ribs 3-5
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| Insertion Pectoralis minor | Coracoid process of scapula
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| Action Pectoralis minor | Depression and inferior rotation of scapula
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| Orgin deltoid | Lateral third of clavical; acromion process; spine of scapula
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| Insertion deltoid | Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
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| Action Deltoid | Anterior fibers: medial rotation and flexion of arm Middle: abduction of armPosterior: lateral rotation and extension of arm
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| Orgin Supraspinatus | Supraspinous fossa of scapula
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| Insertion Supraspinatus | Greater tubercle of humerus
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| Action of Supraspinatus | Abduction of arm
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| Orgin Infraspinatus | Infraspinous fossa of scapula
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| Insertion Infraspinatus | Greater Tubercle of humerus
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| Action Infraspinatus | Lateral rotation of arm
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| Orgin Teres minor | Lateral border of scapula
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| Insertion Teres minor | Greater Tubercle of Humerus
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| Action Teres minor | Lateral rotation of arm
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| Orgin teres major | Scapula, near inferior angle
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| Insertion teres major | Medial lip of intertubercular groove
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| Action teres major | Extension, adduction and medial rotation of arm
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| Orgin latissimus dorsi | Spinous process of vertebrae T6-T12; thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest; inferior three ribs
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| Insertion latissimus dorsi | Intertubercular groove of humerus
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| Action latissimus dorsi | Extension, adduction and medial rotation of arm
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| Orgin Subscapularis | Subscapular fossa of scapula
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| Insertion Subscapularis | Lesser tubercle of humerus
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| Action subscapularis | Adduction and medial rotation of arm
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| Orgin Pectoralis major | Medial half of clavical; sternum; costal cartilages of ribs 1-6
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| Insertion Pectoralis major | Lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
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| Action Pectoralis major | Flexion, medial rotation and adduction of the arm
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| orgin Biceps Brachii | Long head; superior margin of gelnoid fossa of scapula
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| Insertion Biceps Brachii | Radial tuberosity of radius; fascia of medial forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
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| Action Biceps Brachii | Flexion and supination of forearm; flexion of arm
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| Orgin Coracobrachialis | Coracoid Process of scapula
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| Insertion Coracobrachialis | Medial surface of humerus
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| Action Coracobrachilalis | Flexion and adduction of arm
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| Orgin Brachialis | Anterior surface of humerus
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| Insertion Brachialis | Coronoid process of ulna
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| Action Brachialis | Flexion of forearm
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| Orgin Triceps Brachii | Long head: inferior margin of glenoid fossa of scapulaLateral: posterior surface of humerusMedial: Posterior surface of humerus, inferior to origin of lateral head
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| Insertion triceps brachii | Olecranon process of ulna
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| Action Triceps brachii | Extension of forearm; long heads extends and adducts arm
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| Orgin Flexor carpi radialis | Medial epicondyle of humerus
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| Insertion Flexor carpi radialis | Base of metacarpal of the second digit
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| Action Flexor carpi radialis | Flexion and abduction of wrist
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| Orgin Flexor carpi ulnaris | Medial epicondyle of humerus; olecranon process of radius
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| Insertion Flexor carpi ulnaris | Medial carpal bones; metacarpal of fifth digit
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| Action Flexor carpi ulnaris | Flexion and adduction of the wrist
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| Orgin Pronator quadratus | Anterior surface of distal ulna
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| Insertion Pronator quadratus | Anterior surface of distal radius
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| Action Pronator quadratus | Pronation of forearm
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| Orgin Brachioradialis | Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
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| Insertion Brachioradialis | Lateral surface of distal radius
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| Action Brachioradialis | Flexion of forearm
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| Orgin Gluteus maximus | Lateral surface of ilium; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx
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| Insertion Gluteus maximus | Iliotibial tract; gluteal tuberosity of femur
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| Action Gluteus maximus | Extension and lateral rotation of thigh; powerful extensor for climbing and running; stabilizes pelvis and thigh while standing erect
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| Orgin gluteus medius | Lateral surface of ilium
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| Insertion Gluetus medius | Greater trochanter of femus, lateral surface
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| Action Gluteus medius | Abduction and medial rotation of thigh, steadies the pelvis during walking
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| Orgin Gluteus minimus | Lateral surface of ilium, inferior to origin of gluteus medius
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| Insertion Gluteus minimus | Greater trochanter of femur, anterior surface
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| Action Gluteus minimus | Abduction and medial rotation of thigh; steadies the pelvis during walking
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| Orgin psoas major | Bodies of vertebrae of T12-L5
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| Insertion psoas major | Lesser trochanter of femur
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| Action psoas major | Flexion of thigh
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| Orgin Tensor fasciae latae | Anterior superior iliac crest
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| Insertion Tensor fasciae latae | Iliotibial tract
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| Action Tensor fasciae latae | Flexes, abducts and medially rotates thigh; steadies trunk of thigh while standing
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| Orgin Quadriceps femoris:Rectus femoris | Anterior inferior iliac spine of ilium
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| Insertion Quadriceps femoris:Rectus femoris | Patella by the quadriceps tendon and tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament
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| Action Quadriceps femoris:Rectus femoris | Extension of leg; flexion of thigh
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| Orgin Quadricpes femoris:Vastus lateralis | Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
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| Insertion Quadricpes femoris:Vastus lateralis | Patella by the quadriceps tendon and tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament
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| Action Quadricpes femoris:Vastus lateralis | Extension of leg
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| Orgin Quadriceps femoris: Vastus medialis | Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea apsera
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| Insertion Quadriceps femoris: Vastus medialis | Patella by the quadriceps tendon and tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament
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| Action Quadriceps femoris: Vastus medialis | Extension of leg
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| Orgin Quadriceps femoris:Vastus intermedius | Anterior and lateral surfaces of femoral shaft
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| Insertion Quadriceps femoris:Vastus intermedius | Patella by the quadriceps tendon and tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament
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| Action Quadriceps femoris:Vastus intermedius | extension of leg
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| orgin Sartorius | Anterior superior iliac spine of ilium
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| Insertion Sartorius | Medial surface of tibia, near the knee joint
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| Action sartorius | Flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of thigh; flexion of leg
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| Orgin adductor longus | Body of pubic bone
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| Insertion adductor longus | Linea aspera of femur
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| Action addcutor longus | Adduction and flexion of thigh
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| Orgin adductor brevis | Body and inferior ramus of pubic bone
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| Insertion adductor brevis | Pectineal line and linea aspera of femur
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| Action adductor brevis | Adduction and flexion of thigh
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| Orgin gracilis | Body and inferior ramus of pubic bone
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| Insertion gracilis | Medial surface of tibia, near the knee joint
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| Action gracilis | Adduction and thigh; flexion and medial rotation of leg
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| Orgin pectineus | Superior ramus of pubic bone
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| Insertion pectineus | Pectineal line of femur
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| Action pectineus | Adduction and flexion of thigh
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| Orgin biceps femoris | Long head: Ischial tuberosity of ischiumShort head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
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| Insertion biceps femoris | Lateral side of head of fibula
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| Action bicepts femoris | Extension of thigh, flexion of leg
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| Orgin semimembranosus | Ischial tuberosity of ischium
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| Insertion semimembranosus | Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
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| Action semimembranosus | Extension of thigh, flexion of leg
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| Orgin Semitendinosus | Ischial tuberosity of ischium
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| Insertion semitendinosus | Medial surface of tibia, near the knee joint
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| Action semiteninosis | Extension of thigh, flexion of leg
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