Jackson's Administration
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| How did the people feel about Jackson? | They felt that he was "one of them". His parents were immigrants, had was a prisoner of the British, he has 2 bullets in his body; he was victim of slander; frontier settler
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| Jacksonian Democracy | reforms of the 1820s and 1830s when Jackson was president.
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| nominating convention | replaced caucus; brought into use a political device that shifted the selection of candidates from a few party leaders to party membership
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| Instead of choosing presidential electors by legislature, states... | changed to the democratic system of direct election by the voters
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| How were qualifications for voting reformed? | religious qualifications for voting were dropped. Property qualitications were greatly reduced or eliminated
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| Spoils system | favored by Jackson. He thought that the party that won the election should have its member appointed to gov. jobs.
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| panic of 1837 | unemployment and wage cuts, put an end to labor union
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| When did labor get recognize? | not until after Civil War
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| Dorothea Dix | made people realize that the insane needed hospitalization rather than imprisonment. She also started the movement for prison reform
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| Emma Willard | founded the Troy Female Seminary at Troy, NY, in 1821. It was the first women's college in the US. It is now the Emma Willard School
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| Oberlin College | became the first coeducational college in 1834
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| Mary Lyon | founded Mount Holyoke Seminary in 1837. it is now Mount Holyoke College
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| American Temperance Union | hedl its first national convention in 1836
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| Grimke sisters | Sarah and Angelina, freed their slaves and left their homes in SC to preach the cause of abolition. both sisters were Quakers.
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| Frances (Fanny Wright) | set up a colony of free blacks in Tennessee. Public and official opinion forceds its abandonment, & the blacks were sent to Haiti. Writ supported women's rights, labor unions, free public education, and against slavery.
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| Lucreita Mott | opposed slavery and supported equal rights for women. She, with Elizabeth Cady Stanton wrote a Declaration of Sentiments
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| Declaration of Sentiments | made a case for equal rights for women as Jefferson's declaration had done for independence of the colonies
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| William Lloyd Garrison | was most effective voice against slavery. Wrote the Liberator paper. Leader of the abolition movement who demanded immediate emancipation. Turned to temperance reforms and votes for women
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| Liberator | appeared in Boston in 1831 & continued for 35 years w/Garrison as its editor
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| Horace Mann | organized a public school system in MA in the late 1830s and mid 1840s that greatly influenced public edu. throughout the US.
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| How did Horace Man's public school system influenced public education? | 1st high school in the nation was built; training school for teachers was established; MA lead free public education
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| William Ladd | played a leading part in the forming of the American Peace Society in 1828
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| American Peace Society in 1828 | called for a congress of nations and an international court. THe idea that there must be some way toher than war as a last resort for settling disputes among nations is an old one, much older than the American Peace Society.
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| Tariff of 1832 | unimportant modification of the Tariff of Abominations.
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| Nullification Act | threat by SC that it would not ermit import duties to its borders
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| Force Bill 1833 | Congress was telling SC and Calhoun that they had no sympathy with nullification and the states intention not to obey the tariff law.
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| compromise Tariff of 1833 | provided for automatic annual reductions of tariff rates for ten years, so that at the end of this period the rates would be approx. at the moderate protective of 1816.
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| 2nd BUS 1816 | stabilizer for business as well as a check upon less responsible banks.
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| Why Jackson vetoed the 2nd BUS | BUS is unconstitutional; it is a monopoly; stocks were owned by rich people who benefit at the expense of the people ; foreign stockholders could influence foreign policy; bribe politicians; Pres. & Cong. says if BUS is consititutional, not Court
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| Results of death of 2nd BUS | gov. funds were deposited in state banks (pet banks)
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| Gag Resolutions 1836 - 44(during Martin Van Buren administration) | all petitions, memorials, resolutions, papers, etc. reatling in any way to slavery or abolition are not allowed.
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| Why did Quincy Adams fight against the Gag Resolution? | He said it was a violation of the Constitution. What good was the right of petition guaranteed in the 1st Amend. if the House/Senate operate under a Gag Resolution?
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| Webster-AShburton Treaty 1842 (under John Tyler administration) | left the Mesabi iron deposits within the US. It was a treaty to end the Aroostook War - dispute against Main-Canadian border.
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