Chest
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Chest "cage" | Enclosure for the thoracic organs
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| 12 pairs of ribs | -All articulate with spinal column posteriorly
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| "True" Ribs | -7 - articulate to sternum
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| "False" Ribs | -5 -Articulate to the costal cartilage above them (Pairs 11 and 12 don't articulate anteriorly
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| Mesoderm | -Skeletal muscles -In the trunk-source of all connective tissues including cartilage, bones, tendons, ligaments, dermis, and stoma of the internal organs
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| Sternum is made up of... | 1. Ribs 2. Sternal Bars 3. Clavicles
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| When the baby is born, the sternum is... | Bone
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| All parts of the sternum should be fused by what week gestation? | 10th
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| Landmarks of chest | 1. Sternal Notch 2. Clavicles 3. Midclavicular line 4. Anterior axillary line 5. Nipples 6. Xiphoid process 7. Costal angle
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| Examination techniques (of the chest) | 1. Inspection 2. Palpation 3. Measurements
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| Inspection of the chest for... | 1. Symmetry 2. Unusual masses 3. Abnormal configuration 4. Shape of thorax 5. Placement of nipples 6. Contour of ribs and sternum 7. Symmetry of chest motions
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| Palpation of the chest for... | 1. Masses 2. Amount of breast tissue
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| Measurements | 1. Internipple distance 2. Total chest circumference
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| Syndromes associated with chest anomalies | 1. Poland 2. Cerebro-costo mandibular syndrome 3. Noon syndrome
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| Minor Variants of chest | 1. Pectus excavatum 2. Pectus carinatum 3. Shield chest
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| Minor anomalies of chest | 1. Fused/bifid ribs
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| Deformations of the chest | 1. Scoliosis
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| Disruptions of the chest | 1. Rare 2. Extreme injury to organs/structures
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| Dysplasias of the chest | 1. Rib involvement (usually lysosomal) 2. Absence/hypoplasia of clavicles (Cleidocranial dysostosis)
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| Malformations of the chest | 1. Absence of the pectoralis major muscle 2. Beaded ribs 3. Short sternum 4. Cleft sternum 5. Ectopia cordis
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| Pectus carinatum | -Minor variant -"Pigeon chest" - Chest if narrow
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| Pectus excavatum | -Minor variant -"Funnel chest"
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| Syndromes associated with Pectus excavatum | -Marfan -Coffin-Lowry
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| Treatment for pectus excavatum | - Nuss (uses a stabilizing bar to pop chest out) - Ravitsch (take out cartilage & put bar in)
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| Treatment for pectus carinatum | - Do a chest wall brace (usually gone within a year), might also have to a Ravitsch procedure
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| Disorder associated with Pectus carinatum | 1. Homocystinuria
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| Shield Chest | - Minor Variant -Widely spaced nipple -Costal angle is a good judgment
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| Syndrome associated with shield chest | -Turner syndrome
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| Fused/bifid ribs | -Minor anomaly -1/ 5000 LB -Usually asymptomatic -More frequently unilateral
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| Scoliosis | -Deformation - Can produce asymmetry of the thorax - Widens intercostal space on one side and narrows the space on the other -Affects breathing and heart -Crouching on one side, expanding on the other
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| Rib Involvement | -Dysplasia -Many bone dysplasias and mucopolysaccharides - Usually widening or cupping of distal ends - X-ray needed -Lysosomal
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| Absence/hypoplasia of clavicles | -Dysplasia - Cleidocranial dysostosis
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| Absence of pectoralis major muscle | -Malformation -Most common chest abnormality -Poland sequence
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| Beaded ribs | -Malformation - Ribs meet sternum= Costochondral junction enlarged
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| Short sternum | -Malformation -Failure of development of one or more ossification centers
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| Cleft sternum | -Malformation
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| Ectopia cordis | -Malformation -Failure of midline fusion - Large cleft sternum, skin coverage may be incomplete, structures exposed -Put a plate to cover the defect
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Created by:
KChatham
Popular Genetics sets