Chapters 9-14 Medical Terminology
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| Which term means the distention of a kidney? | nephrectasis
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| Which term means a stone in the urinary bladder? | cystolith
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| Which term means enlargement of the renal pelvis due to an obstruction of the urine flow? | hydronephrosis
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| Which term means difficult or painful urination? | dysuria
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| Which condition is also known as bed-wetting? | enuresis
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| Which term means distention of a ureter? | ureterectasis
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| Which term means the surgical repair of the tube extending from the bladder to the exterior of the body? | urethroplasty
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| Which term means the surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall? | cystopexy
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| In which congenital abnormality is the urethral opening on one side of the penis? | paraspadias
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| Which term means a disorder characterized by the presence of kidney stones? | nephrolithiasis
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| Which term means excessive urination? | polyuria
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| Which structure, or structures, carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder? | ureters
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| What is the correct spelling of the term describing the process of inserting a tube through the urethra and into the urinary bladder? | catheterization
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| Which term means a toxic condition caused by excessive urea and other waste products in the bloodstream? | uremia
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| Which term means abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine? | hyperproteinuria
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| Which term means the removal of a kidney stone through a surgical incision into the kidney? | nephrolithotomy
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| Which term means pain in the bladder? | cystalgia
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| Which structure of the kidney contains the collecting tubules? | medulla
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| What is the correct spelling of the term meaning the destruction of a kidney stone by ultrasonic waves traveling through water? | lithotripsy
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| Which term means pain in the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder? | ureteralgia
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| Which radiographic study of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder does not use a contrast medium? | KUB
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| Which term means the surgical fixation of a floating kidney? | nephropexy
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| Which term means an inflammation of the renal pelvis and of the kidney? | pyelonephritis
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| Which term means the increased excretion of urine? | diuresis
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| Which term means bleeding from the bladder? | cystorrhagia
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| Which division of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord? | central
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| Which term is the result of a blood vessel in the brain that leaks or ruptures? | hemorrhagic stroke
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| Which condition is characterized by fine muscle tremors, a mask-like facial expression, and a shuffling gait? | Parkinson’s disease
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| Which membrane is the thick, tough outer layer surrounding the brain? | dura mater
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| Which diagnostic tool is the process of recording brain-wave activity? | electroencephalography
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| Which portion of the brain is responsible for the highest level of thought? | cerebrum
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| Which term means an abnormally increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain? | hydrocephalus
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| Which condition is a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain? | cranial hematoma
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| Which term means inflammation of the spinal cord? | myelitis
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| Which term describes a viral infection of the gray matter of the spinal cord that may result in paralysis? | poliomyelitis
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| Which condition is commonly known as fainting? | syncope
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| What kind of neuron carries impulses toward the brain and spinal cord? | afferent
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| Which condition is a state of impaired consciousness marked by absence of spontaneous eye movement, lack of responsiveness to painful stimuli, and lack of speech? | stupor
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| Which medication produces calm and diminished responsiveness without causing sleep? | sedative
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| Morphine is an example of which type of drug? | narcotic analgesic
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| Which condition is an autoimmune disorder? | multiple sclerosis
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| Which condition is characterized by the inability to develop normal social relationships? | autistic disorders
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| Which disorder is characterized by multiple cognitive defects, including memory impairment? | dementia
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| Which cranial nerves conduct impulses for the sense of smell from the nose to the brain? | olfactory
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| Which term means medication administered to block sensitivity to pain? | anesthetic
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| Which term means an inflammation of the brain? | encephalitis
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| Which term means to suture the ends of a severed nerve? | neurorrhaphy
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| Which term means inflammation of a nerve causing pain through the thigh and leg? | sciatica
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| Which term means an intense burning pain after an injury to a sensory nerve? | causalgia
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| Which term means a sense perception that has no basis in external stimulation? | hallucination
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| Which term describes the sense of whirling, dizziness, and the loss of balance? | vertigo
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| Which term describes a defect in the right or left half of the visual field? | hemianopsia
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| Which condition is also known as farsightedness? | hyperopia
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| Which term means an abnormal discharge from the ear? | otorrhea
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| Which hearing loss is progressive and associated with aging? | presbycusis
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| Which condition is characterized by the outward deviation of one eye relative to the other? | exotropia
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| Which term describes the buildup of pus within the middle ear? | purulent otitis media
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| Which term means the appendages or accessory structures of an organ? | adnexa
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| Which procedure provides temporary protection when the eyelids are paralyzed? | tarsorrhaphy
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| Which condition is also known as double vision? | diplopia
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| Which diagnostic test is used to measure hearing? | audiometry
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| Which term describes reattachment of a detached retina by using a laser? | retinopexy
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| Which test measures intraocular pressure? | tonometry
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| Which term means a surgical incision into the eardrum to create an opening for the placement of tympanostomy tubes? | myringotomy
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| Which abbreviation means right eye? | OD
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| Which term describes the fibrous tissue outer layer of the eye? | sclera
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| Laser _____ is used to treat closed-angle glaucoma. | iridotomy
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| Which term describes a condition of involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball? | nystagmus
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| Which term describes the process whereby the eyes make adjustments for seeing objects at various distances? | accommodation
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| Which disorder has symptoms that include a sense of whirling, dizziness, and the loss of balance? | labyrinthitis
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| Which term describes the region where vision is sharpest on the retina? | fovea centralis
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| Which term describes a condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure resulting in damage to the optic nerve? | glaucoma
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| Which structures of the ear are important in maintaining equal atmospheric pressure within the middle ear? | eustachian tubes
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| Which term describes the angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet? | canthus
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| Which term means inflammation of the tympanic membrane? | myringitis
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| Which substance produces itching when released in response to allergens? | histamine
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| Pediculosis _____ is an infestation with body lice. | corporis
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| Which term describes the tissue layer directly below the epidermis? | corium
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| A _____ is an abnormal passage from an internal organ to the body surface. | fistula
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| Which term means any disorder of the pigmentation of the skin or hair? | dyschromia
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| Which skin condition responds to laser treatment? | rhinophyma
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| An _____ biopsy is performed using cells scraped from the tissue. | exfoliative
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| Which term describes the narrow band of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail just in front of the root? | eponychium
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| Which condition is a flat, persistent, dark-red birthmark made of pigmented cells? | port-wine stain
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| Which term means excessive sweating? | hyperhidrosis
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| Which term describes a large blister that is more than 0.5 centimeter in diameter? | bulla
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| Which term describes the surgical procedure of taking tucks in a structure to shorten it? | plication
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| Which term describes a diffuse infection of connective tissue? | cellulitis
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| Which term describes flaking or a dry patch made up of an excess of dead epidermal cells? | scale
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| Which term is commonly known as itching? | pruritus
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| Which condition is an autoimmune disorder that causes abnormal tissue thickening? | scleroderma
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| Which term means a localized collection of pus within a circumscribed area? | abscess
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| A _____-degree burn involves damage to the epidermis, corium, and subcutaneous layers. | third
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| Which term describes a contagious superficial pyoderma caused by staphylococci and streptococci? | impetigo
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| Which term describes the change in nails that is often an indication of iron deficiency anemia? | spoon nail
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| Which condition involves tissue death that is usually associated with a loss of circulation? | gangrene
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| Which form of skin cancer spreads quickly to other body systems? | squamous cell carcinoma
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| Which procedure is used to treat spider veins? | sclerotherapy
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| Which condition is an autoimmune disorder that is characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk? | lupus erythematosus
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| Which term describes an injury that does not break the skin? | contusion
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| Which term describes the excessive thirst that is symptomatic of diabetes insipidus? | polydipsia
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| The _______________ gland secretes hormones that control the functions of other endocrine glands. | pituitary
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| Which condition results from abnormally high concentrations of calcium in the blood? | hypercalcemia
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| Where is the thyroid-stimulating hormone secreted? | pituitary gland
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| Which condition is a life-threatening condition caused by excessive quantities of the thyroid hormones? | thyrotoxicosis
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| Where does a pheochromocytoma occur? | adrenal medulla
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| Which condition is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks thyroid tissue? | Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
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| Which hormone stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics? | testosterone
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| Which type of diabetes mellitus is an insulin resistance disorder? | type 2
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| Which term describes an abnormal condition caused by an insufficient or absent secretion of the parathyroid hormone that can lead to periodic painful muscle spasms and tremors? | hypoparathyroidism
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| Which gland is located at the base of the brain just below the hypothalamus? | pituitary
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| Which hormone acts to control the balance of food intake and energy expenditure? | estrogen
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| Which gland secretes the hormone melatonin? | pineal
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| Which term describes a life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus? | diabetic coma
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| Which hormones regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body? | cortisol
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| Which term describes substances such as sodium and potassium normally found in blood? | electrolytes
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| Which condition is characterized by enlargement of the hands and feet due to excessive secretion of the growth hormone after puberty? | acromegaly
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| Which hormone is secreted in response to high blood sugar? | insulin
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| Which hormone maintains the body’s water balance by promoting the reabsorption of water through the kidneys? | antidiuretic
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| Which hormone decreases blood levels of calcium by moving it into storage in the bones and teeth? | calcitonin
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| Which hormone stimulates ovulation in the female? | luteinizing
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| Which condition is a progressive disease that occurs when adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol? | Addison’s disease
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| Which term means any disorder of the pineal gland? | pinealopathy
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| Which hormone increases pigmentation of the skin? | melanocyte-stimulating
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| Which hormone is released during the second half of the menstrual cycle? | progesterone
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| Which term describes a woman who has borne one child? | primipara
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| Which term describes surgery to affix sagging breasts in a more elevated position? | mastopexy
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| Which term means the surgical removal of both testicles? | castration
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| Which term means narrowing of the opening of the foreskin of the penis? | phimosis
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| Which term means the abnormal condition in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall prematurely? | abruptio placentae
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| Which term describes the beginning of the menstrual function that occurs at the onset of puberty? | menarche
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| Which term means the rupture of an ovary? | ovariorrhexis
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| Which term means an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the cervix? | endocervicitis
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| Which term means the removal of a cone of tissue from the cervix? | conization
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| Which term describes the muscular middle layer of the uterus? | myometrium
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| Which term describes a profuse white mucus discharge from the uterus and vagina? | leukorrhea
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| Which term describes the thinning and shortening of the cervix that occurs during labor? | effacement
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| Which term means an inflammation of a fallopian tube? | salpingitis
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| Which term means excessive uterine bleeding occurring during the menses? | menorrhagia
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| Which term describes the material that forms the first stools of a newborn? | meconium
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| Which term describes the congenital absence of one or both testicles? | anorchism
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| Which term means an accumulation of pus in a fallopian tube? | pyosalpinx
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| Which term means light or infrequent menstrual flow? | oligomenorrhea
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| Which of these sexually transmitted diseases is caused by a virus? | genital herpes
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| Which condition is also known as a precancerous lesion? | cervical dysplasia
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| Which complication of pregnancy is characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma? | eclampsia
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| Which term means the direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus? | hysteroscopy
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| Which structure or substance nourishes the sperm? | semen
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| Which structure catches the Graafian follicle as it leaves the ovary? | fimbriae
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| Which term means the expansion of an opening? | dilation
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