vocabulary
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| acetabulum | rounded depression, socket, in pelvis that joins femur forming the hip joint
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| acromion | outward extension of shoulder blade forming point of shoulder. Overlies the shoulder joint and articulated with clavicle
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| articular cartilage | thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space
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| bone | dense, hard connective tissue composing skeleton. Ex: femur - long bone, carpal - short bone, scapula - flat bone, patella - sesamoid
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| calcium | one of the minerals of bones - Calcium phosphate is major calcium salt in bones
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| cancellous bone | spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of bone
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| cartilage | flexible, rubbery connective tissue = found in immature (child's) skeleton at the epiphyseal growth plate and on joint surfaces
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| collagen | dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone & tissues
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| compact bone | hard, dense bone tissue, usually found ~ outer portion of bones
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| condyle | knuckle-like process at end of bone near a joint
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| cranial bones | skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid and temporal
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| diaphysis | shaft or mid-portion of long bone
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| disk (disc) | flat round plate-like structure - intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance b/w 2 vertebrae
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| epiphyseal plate | cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in immature skeleton (child's)
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| epiphysis | each end of long bone, area beyond epiphyseal plate
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| facial bones | bones of face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer & zygomatic
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| fissure | narrow, slit-like opening in or b/w bones
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| fontanelle | soft spot (incomplete bone formation) b/w skin bones of an infant
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| formen | opening or passage in bones where blood vessels & nerves enter & leave.
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| formen magnum | opening of the occipital through which the spinal cord passes
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| fossa | shallow cavity in a bone
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| haversian canals | minute spaces filled with blood vessels - found in compact bone
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| malleolus | round process on both sides of ankle joint. Lateral malleolus is part of fibula, media malleolus is part of tibia
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| manubrium | upper portion of sternum - articulates w the medial aspect of clavicle
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| mastoid process | round projection on temporal bone behind ear
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| medullary cavity | central, hollowed-out area in shaft of long bone
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| metaphysis | flared portion of long bone b/w diaphysis and epiphyseal plate (meta= b/w)
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| olecranon | large process on proximal end of ulna - point of flexed elbow
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| osseous tissue | bone tissue
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| ossification | process of bone formaton
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| osteoblast | bone cell that help form bony tissue - REBUILDS BONE (means - immature bone)
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| osteoclast | bone cell that absorbs & removes unwanted bony tissue - CARRIES AWAY BONE
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| periosteum | membrane surrounding bones = rich in blood vessels & nerve tissue
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| phosphorus | mineral found in bones in combo w/ calcium
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| pubic symphysis | area of confluence (coming tog) of 2 pubic bones in pelvic. (Sym- = together, -physis = to grow) Joined tog by fibrocartilaginous disk
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| red bone marrow | found in cancellous bone - site of hematopoiesis
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| ribs | 12 pairs curved bones form chest wall. True ribs pairs #1 to 7, false ribs #8 to 10, floating ribs pairs #11 & 12
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| sella turcica | depression in sphenoid bone where pituitary gland is located
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| sinus | hollow air cavity w/in bone
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| styloid process | pole-like process extending downward from temporal bone on ea side of skull
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| suture | immovable joint b/w bones - e.g. skull (cranium)
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| temporomandibular joint | connection on either side of head b/w temporal bone & mandibular bone
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| trabeculae | supporting bundles of bony fibers in canellous (spongy) bone
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| trochanter | large process at neck of femur, attachment site for muscles and tendons
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| tuberosity | rounded process of bone - attachment site for muscles & tendons
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| vertebra | single spinal bone - composed of vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, lamina - encloses neural canal
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| xiphoid process | lower, narrow portion of sternum
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| yellow bone marrow | fatty tissue found in medullary cavity of most adult long bones
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| flexion | decreasing the angle b/w 2 bones, bending a limb
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| extension | increasing the angle b/w 2 bones, straightening out a limb
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| abduction | move away from midline of body
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| adduction | move toward midline of body
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| rotation | circular movement around axis (central point) internal rotation is toward midline and external rotation is away fr midline
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| dorsiflexion | decreasing angle of the ankle joint so foot bends backward (upward)
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| plantar flexion | motion that extends foot downward toward ground when pointing toes or stepping on gas pedal. Plant/o=sole of foot
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| supination | applied to hand and forearm =act of turning palm up
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| pronation | applied to hand and forearm = act of turning palm down
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| fascia | fibrous membrane separating & enveloping muscles
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| insertion of a muscle | connection of muscle to a bone that moves
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| origin of muscle | connection of muscle to stationary bone
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| skeletal muscle | muscle connected to bones - voluntary or striated muscle
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| smooth muscle | visceral muscle
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| striated muscle | skeletal muscle
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| visceral muscle | muscle connected to internal organs - involuntary or smooth muscle
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