Bio Test 12/7
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| The genetic makeup of an individual is its | genotype
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| True or False: All alleles are either dominant or codominant | False
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| Threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein that are carrying genetic information in the form of genes are | Chromosomes
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| Single-gene crosses are also known as | Monohybrid crosses
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| Alleles | Versions of genes
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| Patterns of Inheritance | Codominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles
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| Homozygous | Same alleles
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| Heterozygous | Different alleles
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| Nondisjunction | a pair of homologous chromosomes has failed to separate or segregate at anaphase so that both chromosomes of the pair pass to the same daughter cell
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| Cell Division | process that allows one cell to divide into two new daughter
cells; info is copied before splitting
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| Asexual Reproduction | Single parent; genetically identical offspring
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| Sexual Reproduction | Both parents; inherit genetic info from both parents
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| Asexual Reproduction Example | Bacteria, plants, animals
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| Sexual Reproduction Example | Plants, animals, female, male
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| Cell Cycle | Time that the cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells
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| Eukaryotic Cell Cycle Phases | G1, S, G2, M
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| G1, S, G2 is during the | interphase
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| M Phase is | cell division
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| G1: Cell Growth -> what does the "G" stand for and what happens | Gap
Most of the growing happens here
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| S: DNA Replication -> what does the 'S' stand for & what happens | Synthesis
New DNA is synthesized and chromosomes are replicated
Cell had double DNA at end
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| G2: Preparing for cell division -> what diff about this and what happens | Shortest of the three
Organelles and molecules that are needed are made
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| M: Cell division -> what does 'M' stand for, what's significant, and what are its two stages | Mitosis
Faster than interphase
Mitosis and Cytokineses (may overlap)
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| Mitosis -> Four phases | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase
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| Parts of Mitosis (5/6) | Nuclear envelope, DNA & chromosomes, Spindle Forming, Centrioles, Centromeres
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| Prophase (3 things happen) | Genetic material condenses, chromosomes become visible, spindles start to form
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| Metaphase -> what's significant and what happens | Shortest
Centromers line up in center
spindle fibers connect to centromere to opposite ends
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| Anaphase (2 things happen) | Chromosomes separate and pulled to each end
Separates into two groups
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| Telophase -> final step (what happens) | Nuclear envelopes are reformed
Chromosomes spread out again
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| Cytokinesis | Completes cell division
Same or close to time of telophase
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| Can cell division be turned off? | yes
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| Cyclins | Naturally produced protein that starts cell division
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| Apoptis | Process of programmed cell death
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Created by:
Ishika17
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