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Bio Test 12/7

TermDefinition
The genetic makeup of an individual is its genotype
True or False: All alleles are either dominant or codominant False
Threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein that are carrying genetic information in the form of genes are Chromosomes
Single-gene crosses are also known as Monohybrid crosses
Alleles Versions of genes
Patterns of Inheritance Codominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles
Homozygous Same alleles
Heterozygous Different alleles
Nondisjunction a pair of homologous chromosomes has failed to separate or segregate at anaphase so that both chromosomes of the pair pass to the same daughter cell
Cell Division process that allows one cell to divide into two new daughter cells; info is copied before splitting
Asexual Reproduction Single parent; genetically identical offspring
Sexual Reproduction Both parents; inherit genetic info from both parents
Asexual Reproduction Example Bacteria, plants, animals
Sexual Reproduction Example Plants, animals, female, male
Cell Cycle Time that the cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells
Eukaryotic Cell Cycle Phases G1, S, G2, M
G1, S, G2 is during the interphase
M Phase is cell division
G1: Cell Growth -> what does the "G" stand for and what happens Gap Most of the growing happens here
S: DNA Replication -> what does the 'S' stand for & what happens Synthesis New DNA is synthesized and chromosomes are replicated Cell had double DNA at end
G2: Preparing for cell division -> what diff about this and what happens Shortest of the three Organelles and molecules that are needed are made
M: Cell division -> what does 'M' stand for, what's significant, and what are its two stages Mitosis Faster than interphase Mitosis and Cytokineses (may overlap)
Mitosis -> Four phases Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase
Parts of Mitosis (5/6) Nuclear envelope, DNA & chromosomes, Spindle Forming, Centrioles, Centromeres
Prophase (3 things happen) Genetic material condenses, chromosomes become visible, spindles start to form
Metaphase -> what's significant and what happens Shortest Centromers line up in center spindle fibers connect to centromere to opposite ends
Anaphase (2 things happen) Chromosomes separate and pulled to each end Separates into two groups
Telophase -> final step (what happens) Nuclear envelopes are reformed Chromosomes spread out again
Cytokinesis Completes cell division Same or close to time of telophase
Can cell division be turned off? yes
Cyclins Naturally produced protein that starts cell division
Apoptis Process of programmed cell death
Created by: Ishika17
Popular Genetics sets

 

 



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