Literary Terms
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| Understatement | A statement that is restrained in ironic contrast to what might have been said.
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| Figurative language | Language that communicates ideas beyond the ordinary or literal meaning of the words.
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| Literal language | A fact or idea stated directly.
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| Connotation | The attitudes and feelings associated with a word. Negative or positive.
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| Metaphor | A figure of speech that states or suggests that one thing is the same as another. Direct or indirect.
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| Image/Imagery | Words and phrases that create vivid sensory experiences for the reader.
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| Juxtaposition | A placing in nearness or contiguity, or side by side, often done in order to compare/contrast phrases, or ideas.
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| Paradox | A statement that seems self-contradictory, but in reality expresses a possible truth.
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| Satire | A literary work in which human vice or folly is attacked through irony, derision, or wit.
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| Parody | Where one imitates or mocks another work or type of literature.
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| Caricature | A representation of a person that is exaggerated for comic effect.
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| Sarcasm | A kind of verbal irony, specifically intended to convey insults or scorn.
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| Denotation | The literal or dictionary definition of a word.
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| Direct Presentation | A method of presentation in which the writer explicitly describes a character, situation, or event.
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| Indirect Presentation | The writer presents the character in action, allowing the reader to draw his or her own conclusions about the personality of that character.
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| Audience | The author's reading public; individuals to which one's work is being directed.
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| Register | The level of formality in language as determined by context. Formal and Informal.
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| Motif | The recurrence of either an image, word, or idea in a text.
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| Theme | The implied or stated meaning of the work, stated in a complete sentence.
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| Mood | The predominant emotional characteristic of a work of literature, as experienced by the audience.
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| Tone | The attitude of an author/speaker towards his or her subject matter and office.
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| Description | Language that aims to make vivid a place, object, character, mental/physical sensation, or group.
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| Extended metaphor | A metaphor that is continued over multiple sentences, sections, or throughout a whole text.
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| Simile | A comparison of two unlike things in which a word of comparison (often like or as) is used.
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| Personification | A form of metaphor in which language relating to human action is used to refer to non-human agents or objects,.
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| Irony | An implied discrepancy/difference between what is said and what is meant. Verbal, dramatic and situational.
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| Symbol | Something visible that by association or convention represents something else that is invisible.
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| Dialogue | Conversation between two or more people that advances the action, is consistent with the character of the speakers, and gives relief from passages essentially descriptive or expository.
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| Hyperbole | An intentional exaggeration for emphasis or comic effect.
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| Allusion | An implied or indirect reference in a text, especially to a well-known story, character, or event.
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| Contrast | Actively pointing out differences. Include juxtaposition and oxymoron.
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| Oxymoron | A figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction.
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| Foreshadowing | A writer's use of hints or clues to indicate events that will occur later in a story.
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| Flashback | A scene in a story or novel that returns the reader to a time earlier than the main action.
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| Cliché | An overused statement that has lost the strength of its meaning
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| Apostrophe | An address to an absent or imaginary person who cannot respond to the speaker.
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| Repetition | The repeated use of the same word or word pattern as a rhetorical device.
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| Parallelism | The repetition of the same grammatical form/structure in two or more parts of a sentence or a section of a text.
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| Euphemism | An inoffensive or indirect expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive or too harsh.
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| Onomatopoeia | The use of a word whose sound suggests its meaning.
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| Speaker | The persona expressing ideas in a piece of poetry.
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| Stanza | A fixed number of lines of verse forming a unit of a poem.
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| Rhyme | The repetition of terminal (ending) sounds of words.
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| Rhyme Scheme | In poetry, the pattern in which rhyme sounds occur in a stanza.
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| Rhythm | The general flow of words according to their length, sequence, punctuation, or combinations of stressed and unstressed syllables.
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| Meter | The basic rhythmic structure of a line within a work of poetry. Consists of two components: the number of syllables, and a pattern of emphasis on those syllables
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| Blank Verse | Unrhymed lines in the same meter, most commonly in iambic pentameter.
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| Free Verse | Poetry without rhyme or fixed metrical pattern.
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| Iambic Pentameter | A metrical line of five metric feet or units, each made up of an unstressed then a stressed syllable
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| Alliteration | The repetition of initial consonant sounds in words.
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| Assonance | Repetition of vowel sounds to create internal rhyming within phrases or sentences.
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| Consonance | The repetition of consonant sounds, either at the ends of words
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| Sonnet | A verse form consisting of 14 lines in iambic pentameter with a fixed rhyme scheme.
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| Lyric Poetry | A short poem with one speaker which expresses personal thoughts or feelings.
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| Narrative Poetry | A poem that relates an event or a series of events.
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| Epic Poetry | A long narrative that tells of the deeds and adventures of a hero or heroine.
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| Enjambment | The continuation of a sentence or phrase from one line of poetry to the next.
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