Block 6 Neuro - Telencephalon extenal features
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| Where is a sagittal fold of dura mater found? What is another name for this structure? | falx cerebri is in the longitudinal (cerebral) fissure between the right and left cerebral hemispheres
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| A large mass of commissural fibers connect what at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure? | the Corpus callosum connects the cortical areas of both cerebral hemispheres
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| What three components of the telencephalon make it resemble an almond joy? | The chocolate = cerebral cortex
the coconut = subcortical white matter
The almond = basal nuclei
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| What does the cerbral cortex form? | superficial layer of gray matter that forms ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci)
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| What are the fibers that make up the subcortical white matter? | axons the run to and from the cerebral cortex
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| What are found within the fibers of the subcortical white matter? | masses of gray matter = basal nuclei
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| What is the cavity inside each cerebral hemisphere? | lateral ventricle
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| What is the shape of the superolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere? Why? | convex to conform to the concavity of the cranial vault (calvaria)
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| What is the shape of the medial surface of the cerebreal hemisphere? | flat and vertical, faces the opposite hemisphere with longitudinal fissure in between it.
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| What does the inferior surface rest on? | anterior and middle cranial fossae and tentorium cerebelli
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| What is the tentorium cerebelli? | the fold of dura matter between cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum
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| Name the six lobes of the cerebral hemisphere: | frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insular, limbic
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| What direction does the fissure of sylvius run? Other name? What does it separate? | lateral sulcus runs posteriorly and superiorly on superolateral surface to separate the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobe.
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| What sulcus marks the boundary between frontal and parietal lobes (anterior and posterior respectively? | The suclus that runs inferiorly and slightly anteriorly from superior border of hemisphere and extends for short distance onto medial surface.
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| What sulcus runs inferiorly and slightly anteriorly from superior border of hemisphere to fissure of sylvius? | Fissure of Rolanda or central sulcus
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| The sulcus located on medial surface of hemisphere between parietal and occipital lobe? | sulcus tha extends for short distance onto superolateral surface. Parietooccipital
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| Where is the preoccipital notch? What causes it? | Indentation on the inferior border of hemisphere produced by superior border of petrous part of temporal bone
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| Where is the boundary between parietal, temporal and occipital lobes? | imaginary line connecting parietooccipital sulcus with preoccipital notch
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| Where are the frontal and occipital poles? | anterior and posterior ends of cerebral hemisphere
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| Where is the temporal pole? | anterior end of temporal lobe
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| Where is the insula? | cortical area located deep inside lateral suclus
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| What makes up the opercula? | parts of frontal, parietal and temporal lobes that overlie the insula
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| The precental sulcus likes anterior and pararllel to what suclus | central sulcus
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| What lies between precentral sulcus and central sulcus? What does it do? | precentral gyrus is part of primary motor cortex - very important
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| What three parts of the superolateral surface of the frontal lobe are divided by superior and inferior sulci | superior, middle, inferior frontal gyri
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| The gyrus lateral to the inferior sucli has what three parts? | orbital, triangular and opercular parts divided by anterior and ascending rami of lateral sulcus
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| The postcentral suclus is part of what lobe? Where does it run? | runs posterior to postcentral gyrus , parallel to the central sulcus in the parietal lobe
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| The gyrus that is part of primary somatosensory cortex is where? Name? | parietal lobe: located between central suclus and postcentral sulcus, name: postcentral gyrus
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| Where do all pain, temp, proprioception for cerebral cortex go to... | postcentral gyrus
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| What is the sulcus that runs posteriorly from the postcentral sulcus? What does it divide? | intraparietal sulcus divides the remaining part of parietal lobe into superior and inferior parietal lobules
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| What inferior parietal gyrus caps the posterior end of the lateral sulcus? | supramarginal gyrus
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| What inferior parietal gyurs caps the posterior end of the superior temporal sulcus? | angular gyrus
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| Name the three gyri and two sulci of the temporal lobe: | superior, middle, and inferior gyri divided by superior and inferior sulci
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| If you look on the superior surface of the temporal lobe (which is the floor of the lateral sulcus, what area gyri exist? | the gyri that corresponds with primary auditory cortex = transverse temporal gyri
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| Which lobe has no important sulci or gyri? | occipital lobe
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| What is the name of the area in which the inferior surface of hemisphere is continuous with insular cortex? | limen insulae (threshold to insuala)
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| What lobe has short anterior gyri and long posterior gyri divided by a central sulcus | Insular Lobe
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| What is the largest bundle of commissural fibers? | Fibers that establish connections between cortical areas of both cerebral hemispheres. = corpus callosum
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| List the parts of the medial surface of the corpus callosum from anterior to posterior | rostrum, genu, body, splenium
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| part that is continuous inferiorly with lamina of terminalis | forms part of anterior wall of 3rd ventricle
Rostrum
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| fiber bundle connecting hippocampal formation with hypothalmus | oldest part of cerebral cortex located in medial part of temporal lobe, most fibers terminate in mammillary body = fornix
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| columns of fornix form what | anterior boundary of interventricular foramen
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| thin sheet of neuroglial tissue with scattered neurons that fill gap between fornix and corpus callosum | septum pellucidum
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| smaller bundle of commissural fibers located anterior to column of fornix | interconnects parts of frontal and temporal lobes
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| What sulcus begins inferior to the genu of the corpus callosum and runs parallel to it? | The sulcus tha turns up posteriorly toward the superior border of the hemisphere to become the marginal sulcus = begins as..cingulate sulcus
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| The gyri continues above the corpus callosum as far back as the splenium... | begins inferior to the genu of the corpus callosum = cingulate gyrus
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| What gyrus is located between cingulate sulcus and corpus callosum | cingulate gyrus is
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| Name the three gyri and two sulci of the temporal lobe: | superior, middle, and inferior gyri divided by superior and inferior sucli
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| If you look on the superior surface of the temporal lobe (which is the floor of the lateral sulcus, what area gyri exist? | the gyri that corresponds with primary auditory cortex = transverse temporal gyri
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| Which lobe has no important sulci or gyri? | occipital lobe
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| What is the name of the area in which the inferior surface of hemisphere is continuous with insular cortex? | limen insulae (threshold to insuala)
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| What lobe has short anterior gyri and long posterior gyri divided by a central sulcus | Insular Lobe
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| What is the largest bundle of commissural fibers? | Fibers that establish connections between cortical areas of both cerebral hemispheres
corpus callosum
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| List the parts of the medial surface of the brain from anterior to posterior | rostrum, genu, body, splenium
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| part that is continuous inferiorly with lamina of terminalis | forms part of anterior wall of 3rd ventricle
Rostrum
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| fiber bundle connecting hippocampal formation with hypothalmus | oldest part of cerebral cortex located in medial part of temporal lobe, most fibers terminate in mammillary body
fornix
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| columns of fornix form what | anterior boundary of interventricular foramen
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| thin sheet of neuroglial tissue with scattered neurons that fill gap between fornix and corpus callosum | septum pellucidum
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| smaller bundle of commissural fibers located anterior to column of fornix | interconnects parts of frontal and temporal lobes
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| What sulcus begins inferior to the genu of the corpus callosum and runs parallel to it? | The sulcus tha turns up posteriorly toward the superior border of the hemisphere to become the marginal sulcus
begins as..cingulate sulcus
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| The gyri continues above the corpus callosum as far back as the splenium... | begins inferior to the genu of the corpus callosum
cingulate gyrus
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| What gyrus is located between cingulate sulcus and corpus callosum | cingulate gyrus is anterior to corpus callosum and posteriot ot cingulate sulchus
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| what gyrus if continuous with superior frontal gyrus on superolateral surface? | gyrus located between cingulate sulcus and border of hemisphere = medial frontal gyrus
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| area located anterior to marginal sulcus and posterior to paracentral sulcus | surrounds the indentation produced by central sulcus on medial surface of hemisphere = paracentral lobule
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| represents an extension of precentral gyrus onto media surface of hemisphere | it is part of primary motor cortex = anterior paracentral lobule (gyrus)
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| represents an extension of postcentral gyrus onto medial surface of hemisphere | it is party of primary somatosensory cortex
= posterior paracentral lobule (gyrus)
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| located inferior to rostrum of corpus callosum and anterior to lamina terminalis | subcallosal gyrus
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| what begins under the splenium of the corpus callosum and extends toward the occipital pole | sulcus that has primary visual cortex in the depths and on either side of it.= calcarine sulcus
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| what sulcus extends from calcarine sulcus to the superior border of hemisphere? | parietooccipital sulcus
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| located between marginal sulcus and parietooccipital sulcus | area limited inferiorly by subparietal sulcus = precuneous
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| wedgeshaped area between parieto-occipital and calcarine sulci | cuneus
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| Where is the tongue of the brain? | located inferior to the calcarine sulcus = lingual gyrus
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| What lies parallel and lateral to the longitudinal fissure? | olfactory sulcus
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| The structure that sits just superior to cribiform plate of ethmoid | structure that recieves olfactory nerves
= olfactory bulb
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| posterior continuation of olfactory bulb | terminates posteriorly by dividing into medial and lateral olfactory striae =
olfactory tract
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| posterior to the olfactory striae is an area with numerous small orifices produced by vessels as they enter the brain | anterior perforated substance
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| gyrus located medial to olfactory suclus | straight gyrus
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| where are the orbital gyri and sulci | lateral to olfactory sulcus on inferior surface of frontal lobe
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| sulcus that runs along the medial border of temporal lobe, on the inferior surface | hippocampal sulcus
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| What lies lateral and parallel to hippocampal sulcus on inferior surface of temporal lobe | collateral sulcus
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| Its anterior most portion hooks to form the uncus? | the gyrus that lies between lateral to hippocampal sulcus and medial to anterior part of collateral sulcus = parahippocampal sulcus
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| short sulcus that forms the lateral boundary of the most anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus | may be continous with collateral sulcus = rhinal sulcus
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| gyrus located between calcarine sulcus and posterior part of collateral sulcus | lingual gyrus
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| list the 3 structures in order that are lateral to the collateral sulcus | medial occipitotemporal gyrus
occipitotemporal sulcus
lateral occipitotemporal gyrus
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| What gyrus on the inferior surface of the temporal lobe becomes continous with the inferior temporal gyrus around the inferior border of the hemisphere | lateral occipitotemporal gyrus
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| What lobe is involved with higher brain function such as memory and emotions? | limbic system - looks like ring, hence limbic
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| Where is the limbic lobe? What does it border? | medial and inferior surfaces of hemisphere, bording corpus callosum and upper brainstem
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| Four components of limbic lobe | subcallosal gyrus (area)
cinglute gyrus
parahippocampal gyrus with uncus
hippocampal formation (seahorse)
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| What connects the cingulate and parahippocampal gyri? Where? | isthmus of cingulate gyrus posterior to spenium of corpus callosum
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