Test 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Aphasia | - an acquired language disorder
- a loss of a degree of language ability Nue
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| Four Elements of Aphasia | 1. it is acquired
2. it has a neurological cause
3. it affects reception and expressive language across modalities
4. it is not a sensory, psychiatric, or intellectual disorder
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| Cognitive-Linguistic Disorders | Cases in which a language problem is secondary to a cognitive problem
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| Language of Confusion | transient confusional states
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| Language of Generalized Intellectual Impairment | language problems resulting from dementia
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| Specific Language Impairment | a condition characterized by language deficits in the face of relatively age-appropriate cognitive abilities in children
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| Aphasiology | specialists in research and/or clinical practice in aphasia and are also experts in related neurogenic cognitive-linguistic, speech, and swallowing disorders in adults
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| Incidence | the likely number of newly diagnosed cases per specified unit of time
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| Prevalence | the proportion of specified populations that had or have the disorder at a particular time
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| Neurological Causes of Aphasia | stroke, TBI, neoplasm, infections, metabolic problems, and surgical ablation of brain tissue
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| Four Modalities of Language | auditory expression, written expression, verbal expression, reading comprehension
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| Unidimensional Framework | - all language is seen as one inseparable whole
- production and comprehension are not seen as separable components of language but rather interwoven
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| Multidimensional Frameworks | - thee view that there are varied forms or syndromes of aphasia, each syndrome corresponding to the site of the lesion
- any syndrome of aphasia may be characterized by a set of hallmark features
- fluent vs. non-fluent aphasia
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| Medical Framework | - multidimensional subcategory
- the level of specific linguistic deficits
- focus on analyzing the cause in terms of disease state or change in body structure
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| Cognitive-Neuropsychological Framework | - based on models of mental representation and types and stages of information processing
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| Psycholinguistic Frameworks | - focused on the processing of linguistic information
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| Neurolinguistic Frameworks | - how processing may go awry when a person's brain is injured
- incorporate connectionist models, models of neuroanatomical structures and functions
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| WHO ICF | WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
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| Biopsychosocial Framework | - highlights attention to complex interaction of multiple factors that constitute "disabilities" and affect health
- WHO ICF
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| Social Framework | - focused on interpersonal contexts of communication
- social condition
- highlights importance of SLP
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| (2) Classifications of any Health Condition | - activity limitations
- participation restrictions
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| Functioning | - body structure
- body function
- activity and participation
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| WHO ICF & People with Neurogenic Language Disorders | - represents a departure from traditional classification based on impairments of body structure and function
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| Stroke | temporary or permanent disruption in blood supply to the brain
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| Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) | synonymous with stroke
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| Occlusive Stroke | a blockage of all or a portion of an artery
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| Hemorrhagic Stroke | leakage of blood from the arteries
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| Ischemic Strokes | - type of occlusive
- restriction in the blood supply
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| Thrombotic Stroke | arterial blockage has accumulated in the same area of an artery where the blockage eventually occurs
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| Embolic Stroke | a blockage caused by matter that travels from elsewhere in the bloodstream to the point where it eventually blocks an artery
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| Thrombus | thee clot that blocks the artery in a thrombotic stroke
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| Embolism | the arterial blockage in an embolic stroke
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| Aneurysm | blood vessel ruptures or an arteriovenous malformation bursts
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| Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) | atypically developed artery or vein, usually arising during embryonic or fetal development
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| Hematoma | the accumulation of blood due to a hemorrhage
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| Intracerebral Hemorrhage | leakage occurs within the brain tissue
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| Erosclerosis/Arteriosclereosis | - primary cause of ischemic strokes
- buildup of lipids and cellular debris within the arteries
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| Edema | swelling in the surrounding area of the brain
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| Diaschisis | functions associated with brain structures that are remote from the area of damage become impaired
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| Necrosis | neural tissue death
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| Infarct/Infarction | area of dead tissue
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| Ischemic Penumbra | margin neural tissue surrounding an infarct
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| tPA | tissue plasminogen activator
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| Hypoperfusion | an insufficiency in blood supply to the brain
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| Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) | - a temporary blockage of the blood supply to the brain
- mini-stroke
- most last under 30 m but can last up to 24 h
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| Stroke Triggers | - excessive alchohol intake
- infection
- excessive eating
- intense positive or negative emotions
- sudden posture change
- drug use
- anesthesia
- surgery
- physical exertion
- birthday
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| BEFAST | balance problems, eye/vision problems, face drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulty, time to call 9-1-1
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| Closed-head Injury (CHI) | - the head suddenly hits an object or an object hits the skull
- skull remains intact
- aka accel-decel injuries
- can be transitional or rotational
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| Transitional Injury/Direct Injury | the object-head contact is at a relatively perpendicular angle to one of the main axes of the head, causing the brain to rebound against the side of the skull opposite to the side of contact
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| Coup Injuries | injuries to the brain at the point of contact
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| Contrecoup Injuries | injuries to the opposite side of the brain from the point of contact
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| Rotational Injuries | the contact of an object with the head creates more of a spinning motion of the head, causing the brain to rotate in relation to the skull and often hits many different areas
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| Open-head Injury (OHI) | breakage or penetration of the skull
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| Focul | confined to one area
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| Diffuse | involving more than one areas of the brain
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| Blast Injuries | result from rapid phases of over-and-under pressurization of air compared to normal atmospheric pressure
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| Bacterial Infections and Viruses | microscopic organisms that may cause inflammation in the brain
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| Encephalopathies | infections that affect the cortex
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| Meningitis | inflammation of the meninges surrounding the brain
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| Opportunist Infections/Secondary Infections | bacteria/viruses selectively take advantage of a compromised immune system
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| Neoplasm | tumour in the brain
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| Primary Tumours | result from uncontrolled growth of glial or meningeal cells
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| Gliomas | glial cell tumours
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| Astrocytoma | - common type of glial tumour
- a benign, slow-growing tumour
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| Glioblastoma Multiforme | - type of glial tumour
- rapid growing and malignant
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| Meningioma | - benign tumour that arises from the meninges
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| Secondary/Metastatic Tumours | - spreading tumours that typically arise from elsewhere in the body and travel to the brain via the blood supply or lymphatic system
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| Toxemia | the poisoning, irritation, or inflammation of nervous system tissue through exposure to harmful substances
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| Toxic Encephalopathy | brain dysfunction related to metabolism at the cellular level
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| Diabetes Mellitus (DM) | a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by abnormal insulin function or deficiency, resulting in poorly controlled blood sugar (glucose) levels
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| Diabetic Encephalopathy | any type of brain disorder caused by diabetes
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| Metabolic Syndrome | represents thee clustering of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, & elevated blood sugar
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| Neurodegenerative Disease | neurogenic condition that progressively gets worse over time
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| Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) | - a condition of cognitive decline that is not typical normal aging
- often results from neurodegenerative disease and head injury
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| Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) | - a neurogenerative dementia syndrome unlike other types of aphasia
- onset is sudden and insidious; symptoms worsen over time
- first symptoms are linguistic
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Created by:
KarleeAJones
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