Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Neurogenic Comm Dis
Test 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aphasia | - an acquired language disorder - a loss of a degree of language ability Nue |
| Four Elements of Aphasia | 1. it is acquired 2. it has a neurological cause 3. it affects reception and expressive language across modalities 4. it is not a sensory, psychiatric, or intellectual disorder |
| Cognitive-Linguistic Disorders | Cases in which a language problem is secondary to a cognitive problem |
| Language of Confusion | transient confusional states |
| Language of Generalized Intellectual Impairment | language problems resulting from dementia |
| Specific Language Impairment | a condition characterized by language deficits in the face of relatively age-appropriate cognitive abilities in children |
| Aphasiology | specialists in research and/or clinical practice in aphasia and are also experts in related neurogenic cognitive-linguistic, speech, and swallowing disorders in adults |
| Incidence | the likely number of newly diagnosed cases per specified unit of time |
| Prevalence | the proportion of specified populations that had or have the disorder at a particular time |
| Neurological Causes of Aphasia | stroke, TBI, neoplasm, infections, metabolic problems, and surgical ablation of brain tissue |
| Four Modalities of Language | auditory expression, written expression, verbal expression, reading comprehension |
| Unidimensional Framework | - all language is seen as one inseparable whole - production and comprehension are not seen as separable components of language but rather interwoven |
| Multidimensional Frameworks | - thee view that there are varied forms or syndromes of aphasia, each syndrome corresponding to the site of the lesion - any syndrome of aphasia may be characterized by a set of hallmark features - fluent vs. non-fluent aphasia |
| Medical Framework | - multidimensional subcategory - the level of specific linguistic deficits - focus on analyzing the cause in terms of disease state or change in body structure |
| Cognitive-Neuropsychological Framework | - based on models of mental representation and types and stages of information processing |
| Psycholinguistic Frameworks | - focused on the processing of linguistic information |
| Neurolinguistic Frameworks | - how processing may go awry when a person's brain is injured - incorporate connectionist models, models of neuroanatomical structures and functions |
| WHO ICF | WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health |
| Biopsychosocial Framework | - highlights attention to complex interaction of multiple factors that constitute "disabilities" and affect health - WHO ICF |
| Social Framework | - focused on interpersonal contexts of communication - social condition - highlights importance of SLP |
| (2) Classifications of any Health Condition | - activity limitations - participation restrictions |
| Functioning | - body structure - body function - activity and participation |
| WHO ICF & People with Neurogenic Language Disorders | - represents a departure from traditional classification based on impairments of body structure and function |
| Stroke | temporary or permanent disruption in blood supply to the brain |
| Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) | synonymous with stroke |
| Occlusive Stroke | a blockage of all or a portion of an artery |
| Hemorrhagic Stroke | leakage of blood from the arteries |
| Ischemic Strokes | - type of occlusive - restriction in the blood supply |
| Thrombotic Stroke | arterial blockage has accumulated in the same area of an artery where the blockage eventually occurs |
| Embolic Stroke | a blockage caused by matter that travels from elsewhere in the bloodstream to the point where it eventually blocks an artery |
| Thrombus | thee clot that blocks the artery in a thrombotic stroke |
| Embolism | the arterial blockage in an embolic stroke |
| Aneurysm | blood vessel ruptures or an arteriovenous malformation bursts |
| Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) | atypically developed artery or vein, usually arising during embryonic or fetal development |
| Hematoma | the accumulation of blood due to a hemorrhage |
| Intracerebral Hemorrhage | leakage occurs within the brain tissue |
| Erosclerosis/Arteriosclereosis | - primary cause of ischemic strokes - buildup of lipids and cellular debris within the arteries |
| Edema | swelling in the surrounding area of the brain |
| Diaschisis | functions associated with brain structures that are remote from the area of damage become impaired |
| Necrosis | neural tissue death |
| Infarct/Infarction | area of dead tissue |
| Ischemic Penumbra | margin neural tissue surrounding an infarct |
| tPA | tissue plasminogen activator |
| Hypoperfusion | an insufficiency in blood supply to the brain |
| Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) | - a temporary blockage of the blood supply to the brain - mini-stroke - most last under 30 m but can last up to 24 h |
| Stroke Triggers | - excessive alchohol intake - infection - excessive eating - intense positive or negative emotions - sudden posture change - drug use - anesthesia - surgery - physical exertion - birthday |
| BEFAST | balance problems, eye/vision problems, face drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulty, time to call 9-1-1 |
| Closed-head Injury (CHI) | - the head suddenly hits an object or an object hits the skull - skull remains intact - aka accel-decel injuries - can be transitional or rotational |
| Transitional Injury/Direct Injury | the object-head contact is at a relatively perpendicular angle to one of the main axes of the head, causing the brain to rebound against the side of the skull opposite to the side of contact |
| Coup Injuries | injuries to the brain at the point of contact |
| Contrecoup Injuries | injuries to the opposite side of the brain from the point of contact |
| Rotational Injuries | the contact of an object with the head creates more of a spinning motion of the head, causing the brain to rotate in relation to the skull and often hits many different areas |
| Open-head Injury (OHI) | breakage or penetration of the skull |
| Focul | confined to one area |
| Diffuse | involving more than one areas of the brain |
| Blast Injuries | result from rapid phases of over-and-under pressurization of air compared to normal atmospheric pressure |
| Bacterial Infections and Viruses | microscopic organisms that may cause inflammation in the brain |
| Encephalopathies | infections that affect the cortex |
| Meningitis | inflammation of the meninges surrounding the brain |
| Opportunist Infections/Secondary Infections | bacteria/viruses selectively take advantage of a compromised immune system |
| Neoplasm | tumour in the brain |
| Primary Tumours | result from uncontrolled growth of glial or meningeal cells |
| Gliomas | glial cell tumours |
| Astrocytoma | - common type of glial tumour - a benign, slow-growing tumour |
| Glioblastoma Multiforme | - type of glial tumour - rapid growing and malignant |
| Meningioma | - benign tumour that arises from the meninges |
| Secondary/Metastatic Tumours | - spreading tumours that typically arise from elsewhere in the body and travel to the brain via the blood supply or lymphatic system |
| Toxemia | the poisoning, irritation, or inflammation of nervous system tissue through exposure to harmful substances |
| Toxic Encephalopathy | brain dysfunction related to metabolism at the cellular level |
| Diabetes Mellitus (DM) | a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by abnormal insulin function or deficiency, resulting in poorly controlled blood sugar (glucose) levels |
| Diabetic Encephalopathy | any type of brain disorder caused by diabetes |
| Metabolic Syndrome | represents thee clustering of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, & elevated blood sugar |
| Neurodegenerative Disease | neurogenic condition that progressively gets worse over time |
| Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) | - a condition of cognitive decline that is not typical normal aging - often results from neurodegenerative disease and head injury |
| Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) | - a neurogenerative dementia syndrome unlike other types of aphasia - onset is sudden and insidious; symptoms worsen over time - first symptoms are linguistic |
Created by:
KarleeAJones
Popular Speech Therapy sets