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2.AUD-Acoustics
Audiology SLP314
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Physical acoustics | Movement or propagation of a disturbance (i.e., vibration) through an elastic medium (e.g., air molecules) without permanent displacement of the molecules. |
| Psychoacoustics | Auditory experience or sensation. |
| Sound wave | A disturbance created in a medium, such as air, by a source of vibration. |
| Waveform | A graphical description of the variation in a sound wave’s amplitude as a function of time. |
| Spectrum | A graphical description of the variation in a sound wave’s amplitude and phase as a function of frequency |
| Decibel | The unit of measure used to describe the level or magnitude of a sound wave. |
| Three prerequisites for a sound wave. | 1. Source of energy. 2. Vibrating object 3. Medium (Receiver is optional) |
| Brownian motion | A description of the movement of air molecules: -moving constantly in a random fashion. -colliding with whatever is in their path. -elastic. |
| Condensation (compression) | Molecules that are pushed together- area of high pressure. |
| Rarefaction | Molecules that are spread apart- area of low pressure |
| Wavelength | Distance required for one complete cycle of sound. |
| Waveform | Plot of amplitude as a function of time. |
| Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) | The most fundamental form of vibration. |
| Three aspects of vibration. | 1. Amplitude 2. Frequency 3. Phase |
| Amplitude | Intensity or strength perceived as loudness. Pressure fluctuations measured in decibels. Range of molecule displacement. |
| Frequency | The number of complete cycles of vibration that occur in one second - cycles per second - Hertz (Hz) |
| Human hearing capacity (in Hz) | 20 - 20,000 Hz |
| Speech sound range (in Hz) | 20 - 8,000 Hz |
| Resonant frequency | Frequency at which an object vibrates naturally. |
| Qualities that affect resonant frequency | Mass & stiffness/elasticity. |
| Phase opposition | Two waves 180 deg out of phase so as to cancel each other out. |
| Period (T) | Duration of one full cycle of vibration (measured in sec or ms). T=1/freq |
| Relationship (formula) of period to frequency | Inverse: T = 1/freq. or freq = 1/T |
| Three graphic representations of acoustic signals | 1. Waveform 2. Amplitude spectrum 3. Phase spectrum |
| Sinusoidal sound | Periodic (repeating) energy at one frequency only. |
| Complex sound | Combination of different tones at different frequencies, amplitude, and phase (periodic or aperiodic) |
| Constructive interference | Two sound waves combining together to yield a sound wave that is greater in amplitude than either wave alone. |
| Negative interference (destructive) | Interaction of two sound waves resulting in amplitude that is less than that of either wave alone. |
| Harmonic tones | Integer multiples of the fundamental frequency. |
| Formants | Frequency regions of enhancement due to vocal tract shape. |
| Fundamental frequency of vowels determines ____________. | Pitch |
| Amplitude relation between vowel overtones or harmonics determines ____________. | Quality |
Created by:
ashea01
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