Chapte 5
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| Tissues | Similiar cells with common function. Study of tissues is called histology.
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| Tight Junctions | Close space between cells by fusing membranes (base stitching)Simplest type. Located among cells that form linings.(small intestine)
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| Desmosomes | Bind cells by forming "spot welds" between membranes.(fingers interlaced)Most complex type.Outer skin cells.
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| Gap Junctions | Form tubular channels between cells that allow exchange of substances. Muscle cells of heart, digestive tract.
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| Epithelial Tissue | Protection,secretion,absorption and excretion. Covers body surface, cover and line internal organs, compose glands. Lack blood vessels,cells tightly packed and readily divide.
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| Simple Squamous | Single layer, flattened cells. Line air sacs, blood vessels, and lymph vessels.
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| Simple Cuboidal | Single layer cube-shaped cells. Line kidney tubules, cover ovaries, line ducts of some glands.
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| Simple Columnar | Single layer, elongated cells. Nuclei near basement. Have goblet cells and sometimes cilia. Line uterus, stomach and intestines.
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| Pseudostratified Columnar | Single-layer, elongated cells. Nuclei at more than 1 level. Often have cilia and goblet cells. Line respiratory passageways.
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| Stratified Squamous | Many layers, top cells flattened. Outer layer of skin. Line oral cavity, vagina, and anal canal.
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| Stratified Cuboidal | 2 or 3 layers, cube-shaped cells. Line ducts of mammery glands, sweat glands, and pancreas.
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| Startified Columnar | Top layer of elongated cells, lower layer of cube-shaped cells. Line male urethra and part of pharynx.
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| Transitional | Cube-shapes and elongated mixed up.Line urinary bladder, ureters and part of urethra.
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| Glandular | Composed of cells that specialize in producing and secreting substances.
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| Endocrine glands | Ductless. They secrete their products into tissue fluid or blood.
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| Exocrine Glands | Secrete their products into ducts that open onto surfaces, such as skin or the lining of the digestive tract.
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| Unicellular Exocrine gland | Has one cell. Example goblet cell.
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| Multicellular Exocrine Gland | Many cells. Example swear glands, salivary glands.
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| Merocrine Glands | A fluid product released through cell membrane by exocytosis. Salivary glands, pancreatic glands, swear glands
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| Apocrine Glands | Cellular product pinch off during secretion. Mammary glands, ceruminous glands
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| Holocrine Glands | Secretes entire old cells filled with secretory products. Produces new cells to replace them. Sebaceous gland.
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| Connective Tissue | Most abundant tissue type. Binds structures, provides suppost and protection, fills spaces and stores fat. Has varying degrees of vascularity(blood flow). Has cells that usually divide.
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| Fibroblasts | Component of connective tissue. Widely distributed, large and star-shaped. Fixed cell and most common. Produce fibers.
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| Macrophages | Component of connective tissue. Wandering cells. Phagocytic(engulfs things). Important in injury or infection. White blood cells.
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| Mast Cells | Component of connective tissue. fixed cells. release heparin and histamine. Large cells usually located near blood vessels.
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| Collagenous Fibers | Thick fibers of collagen that holds structures together. One connection point on each end. Tendons and ligaments.
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| Elastic Fibers | Bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin. Provide elastic quality to parts that stretch. Fibers branch. Vocal cords, air passages.
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| Reticular Fibers | Very thin collagenous fibers. Highly branched. Form supportive networks within tissues.
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| Loose Connective (Areolar) Tissue | Mainly fibroblasts. Contains collagenous and elastic fibers. Binds the skin to underlying organs and fills space between muscles.
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| Adipose Tissue | Stores fat, cushions and insulates. Beneath skin, behind eyeballs, around kidney and heart.
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| Reticular Connective Tissue | Composed of reticular fibers. Supports internal organ walls. Found in walls of liver, spleen,and lymphatic organs.
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| Dense Connective Tissue | Packed collagenous fibers and elastic fibers. Few fibroblasts. Binds body parts together. Tendons, ligaments, dermis. Poor blood supply.
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| Elastic Connective Tissue | Abundant in elastic fibers and some collagenous fibers. Has fibroblasts. Found in attachment between bones (spinal column) walls of large arteries, airways and heart.
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| Bone | Solid matrix. Supports and protects. Forms blood cells and attachment for muscles. Skeleton
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| Blood | Fluid matrix called plasma. Transports, defends, clots. Found throughout body in blood vessels and in heart.
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| Cartilage | Provides support, frameworks and attachments;protects underlying tissues and forms structural models for many developing bones.Poor blood supply
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| Hyaline Cartilage | Provides framework. Ends of bones, nose and rings in walls of respiratory passages.
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| Elastic Cartilage | Provides flexible framework. External ear and part of larynx.
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| Fibrocartilage | Absorbs shock. Between bony parts of spinal column, parts of pelvic girdle and knee.
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| Serous Membrane | Line body cavities that don't open to outside. Secrete serous fluid. Inner lining of thorax and abdomem.
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| Mucous Membrane | Line tubes and organs that open to outside. Secrete mucus. Line mouth, nose and throat.
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| Cutaneous Membrane | Covers body otherwise known as skin.
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| Synovial Membrane | Composed entirely of connective tissue. Lines joints.
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| Skeletal Muscle Tissue | Long, threadlike cells, striated and have many nuclei. Voluntary movement. Attached to bone.
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| Smooth Muscle Tissue | Shorter cells with single, central nucleus. Involuntary movement. Non-striated. Lines walls of hollow organs. Digestive tract, constricts blood vessels, and empties bladder.
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| Cardiac Muscle Tissue | Branched cells, striated, and with central nucleus. Involuntary movement.Has intercalated discs and is only found in the heart.
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| Nervous Tissue | Cell with cytoplasmic extensions. Sensory reception and conduction of nerve impulses. Brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.
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