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Ch 10 KI 3 & 4

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Term
Definition
Agribusiness   Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations  
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Cash Crop   Crops grown in large amounts to be sold for profit  
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Commercial Gardening   Type of commercial ag common in the SE USA which produces many fruits and vegetables  
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Crop Rotation   The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil  
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Dairying   Type of commercial ag that produces milk products  
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Double Cropping   Harvesting twice a year from the same field  
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Fallow   Land that is left unfarmed to bring back fertility  
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Grain Farming   Type of commercial ag that is heavily mechanized and produces grains for consumption by humans  
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Horticulture   The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers  
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Intensive Subsistence Agriculture (Wet Rice & Not Wet Rice Dominant)   A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land  
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Mediterranean Farming   Type of commercial ag that is dependent upon Mediterranean climate and produces products from crops and livestock  
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Milkshed   The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied  
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Mixed Crop & Livestock   Type of commercial ag which integrates crops and livestock by feeding most of the crops to livestock which supplies manure for crops.  
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Paddy   The Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah  
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Pastoral Nomadism   A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals  
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Pasture   Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing  
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Plantation   Type of subsistence ag where a large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country  
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Ranching   Type of commercial ag in which livestock graze over an extensive area  
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Sawah   A flooded field for growing rice  
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Shifting Cultivation   A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each filed is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period  
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Slash and Burn Agriculture   Another name for shifting cultivation so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris  
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Transhumance   The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures  
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Truck Farming   Used in commercial gardening and fruit farming which means bartering and exchange of commodities  
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Wet Rice   Rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth  
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Aquaculture   The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions.  
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Desertification   Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting  
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Green Revolution   Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers  
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Prime Agricultural Land   The most productive farmland  
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Ridge Tillage   A system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation  
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Sustainable Agriculture   Farming methods that preserve long term productivity of land and minimize pollution typically by rotating soil restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides  
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Sustainable Agriculture   Farming methods that preserve long term productivity of land and minimize pollution typically by rotating soil restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides  
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