Dr. Samsam UCF
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| Intervertabral Disks | Fibrocartilage between the vertabrae, absorb shock, assure no friction between the bones and facilitate the movements of the vertebral column
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| Contents of the vertabral canal | Spinal cord and its blood vesels plus the meninges and the CSF
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| Cervical Rib | When a rib grows from a cervical vertabrea
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| Pathology of Cervical rib | A- Ischemic muscle pain due to compression of the subclavian artery
B- Pain of the ulnar side of the forearm and hand
C-palpable mass over the clavicle
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| Thoracic Vertebrae Char. | Have 2 articular facets on their lateral side
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| Costo- Vertebral joints | The head of each rib articulates with 2 adjacent vertebrae and the disk between them
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| Costo- Transverse | between the tubercle of the rib and the transverse process of its own vertebrea`
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| Lumbar Punture | done at L3-L5
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| Sternal puncture | Bone marrow needle biopsy for transplantation or cytological analysis
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| Zygopophysial joints | The small vertebral joints between the articular processes
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| Herniation | Mostly posterolaterally where the Anulus Fibrosus is thinner
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| Ligamentum Flavum | yeollowish in color due to elastic fibers, facilitates movements
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| Epidural Anesthesia | given through sacral hiatus to block the pelvic nerves
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| Coccydyna | pain in the coccyx
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| Spina Bifida | Failure of vertebral arches to form or fuse usually in the lumbar or sacral vertebrea
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| Meningocele | caused by spina bifida, meninges bulge out of the vertebral canal
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| Meningomyelocele | caused by spina bifida, meninges plus spinal cord bulge out
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| Folic Acid | Decreases the likelihood of getting spina bifida
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| Trapezius Muscle NN | Spinal root of the accessory nerve
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| Trapezius M. FXN | elevation rotation retraction of scapula
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| Rhomboid Major and Minor NN | Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4-C5)
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| Rhomboid Major and Minor FXN | press the scapula to the thoracic wall retraction of the scapula medially
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| Levator Scapulae NN | Dorsal Scapular Nerve
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| Levator Scapulae FXN | elevates scapula
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| Lattissimus Dorsi NN | Thoracodorsal N. (C6,C7,C8)
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| Lattissimus Dorsi FXN | Adduction and lowering of the arm, medial rotation and extention of the arm. Raises the body will climbing
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| Serratus Posterior Inferior and Superior NN | Intercostal Nerves (T9-T12)
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| Serratus Posterior Inferior and Superior FXN | rib elevation and may function as accessory muscles or respiration
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| Illiocoastalis, Longissimus, Splenius NN | Primary Spinal dorsal rami
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| Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Splenius FXN | for erect posture of the body and the two splenii rotate the head.
Extensors when both sides contract and flexion when one side contracts
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| Medial Group of Muscles NN | innervated by various primary dorsal rami
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| Medial Group FXN | Extensors when both sides contract and flexion when one side contracts. Some stabilize and some rotate the vertebral column
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| Suboccipital Triangle Muscles | rectus capitis post Major, Oblique capitis superior, oblique capitis inferior
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| congenital dislocation of the hip | common birth defect, more in female infants, either acetabulum fails to for completely or the ligaments of the hip joints are loose
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| treatments of congenital dislocation of the hip | splint or harness of straps to hold femur in its proper position
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| ffibula | used sometimes for bone grafting
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| metatarsal stress fractures | result of repetitive stress on foot, 2nd and 3rd metatarsals are mostly affected
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| treatment for metatarsal stress fractures | rest and wearing stiff or well cushioned shoes
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| sciatic nerve | thickest nerve in the body, composed of common peroneal & tibial nerve
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| coommon peroneal | part of the sciatic nerve, composed of dorsal rami
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| tibial nerve | part of sciatic nerve, composed of ventral rami
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| lumbosacral trunk | at L4 & L5
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| tensor fascia latae NN | superior gluteal nerve
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| tensor fascia latae FXN | Abduction, medial rotation and flexion of the thigh, protects the knee joint.
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| gluteus maximus NN | inferior gluteal nerve
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| gluteus maximus FXN | powerful extensor of the hip joint, lateral rotator, active in rising, sitting, climbing
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| gluteus medius & minimus NN | superior gluteal nerve
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| gluteus medius & minimus FXN | abduction, medial rotation of the thigh, it keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is raised
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| deep muscles in the gluteal region | piriformis, obturator internus, superior & inferior gemellus, and quadratus femoris
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| piriformis NN | nerve to piriformis (sacral plexus)
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| piriformis FXN | lateral rotator and abductor of the thigh, keeps femur head in acetabulum, this muscle may partially or totally be absent
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| ventral hip muscles FXN | lateral rotationm medial rotation, control balance
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| obturator internus NN | nerve to obturator internus
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| superior gemellus NN | nerve to obturator internus
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| inferior gemellus NN | nerve to quadratus femoris
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| Quadratus Femoris NN | Nerve to quadratus femoris
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| Obturator internus, Superior gemellus, Inferior gemellus, Quadratus femoris FXN | lateral rotator of the thigh when it is extended and, abductor of the thigh when flexed
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| Hamstring Muscles | Long head biceps, Semitendinous, Semimembranous, Adductor Magnum
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| Hamstring Muscles NN | tibial branch of sciatic nerve
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| biceps femoris long head fxn | extension at the hip, flexor and lateral rotator at knee joint
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| Biceps femoris short head NN | common peroneal nerve *short head maybe absent
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| biceps femoris long head NN | tibial nerve
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| Smietendinoeous FXN | extension of hip, flexion and medial rotation of the knee
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| semitendineous NN | tibial nerve
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| semimembraneous NN | tibal nerve
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| Semimembraneous FXN | hip extensor knee flexor medial rotator
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| Adductor Magnus fxn | powerful adductor, lateral rotator
(part inserted to linea aspera), medial rotator at knee joint. Extensor at hip joint,
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| adducctor hiatus contents | popliteal artery and vein
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| The Triceps Surae | Soleus ,Gastrocnemius and Plantaris muscles
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| The Triceps Surae fxn | best plantar flexors, active in Walking
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| triceps surae NN | tibial nerve
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| Tibialis posterior, Flexor Hallusis longus, Flexor digitorum Longus NN | tibial nerve
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| Tibialis posterior, Flexor Hallusis longus, Flexor digitorum Longus FXN | plantar flexion and Supination of the foot.
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| peroneus brevis & longus NN | Superficial peroneal nerve
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| peroneus brevis & longus fxn | strongest pronator of the foot
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| popliteus muscle FXN | flexion of the knee, unlocking of the knee joingm protection of lateral
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| Gracilis muscle FXN | adductor of the thigh, flexor at hip
and flexor at knee joints
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| Gracilis muscle NN | Obturator nerve
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| Pectineus muscle FXN | adductor of thigh and flexor of
hip joint.
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| Pectinius NN | femoral nerve and obturator nerve
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| Adductor brevis muscle FXN | adductor of thigh and flexor of hip joint
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| Adductor brevis muscle NN | obturator nerve
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| Adductor Longus FXN | Adduction of thigh, hip flexion
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| Adductor Longus NN | obturator nerve
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| Adductor Magnus & minimus FXN | powerful adductor, lateral rotator
(part inserted to linea aspera), medial rotator
at knee joint. Extensor at hip joint
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| Hiatus tendineus NN | tibial nerve & obturator nerve
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| Adductor Magnus & minimus NN | Obturator nerve
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| Iliopsoas muscle NN | lumbar plexus & femoral nerve
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| Iliopsoas muscle FXN | chief flexor of the hip
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| Quadriceps femoris muscle consists of | Rectus femoris, Vastus intermedius, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis,
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| Quadriceps femoris muscle NN | femoral nerve
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| Quadriceps femoris muscle FXN | chief extensor of the knee joint, Rectus femoris also flexes the hip joint
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| sartorius muscle FXN | acts on 2 joints: flexes at both hip
and knee joints
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| Sartorius muscle NN | : femoral nerve
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| The femoral triangle | lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, Femoral nerve, Structures inside the femoral sheath
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| *Content of Femoral Ring | Femoral artery and genitofemoral N. (fem)
Femoral vein
Lymph nodes and areolar tissue (femoral
Canal), the Rosenmuller node (they drain the
Glans penis and clitoris)
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| *Femoral hernia | painful, more in female,
below and lateral to pubic tubercle
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| Subsartorius (adductor, Hunter’s) canal |
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| Tibialis anterior FXN | dorsiflexion and supination & keep the transverse arch of the foot
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| Tibialis anterior NN | deep peroneal N
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| extensor digitorum longus FXN |
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| extensor digitorum longus NM | deep peroneal N.
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| Extensor Hallucis longus FXN |
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| Extensor Hallucis longus NN | deep peroneal N.
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| Extensor digitorum brevis FXN |
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| Extensor digitorum brevis NN | Deep peroneal nerve
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| Extensor Hallucis brevis FXN | Dorsiflexion of 1st digit
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| Extensor Hallucis brevis NN | Deep peroneal nerve
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| Abductor Hallucis NN | Medial plantar Nerve
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| Flexor Hallucis Brevis NN |
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| Flexor digitorum Brevis NN |
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| Lumbriclas FXN |
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| Lumbriclas NN | Medial Plantar N & Lat Plantar N
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| Quadratus Plantae NN | Lateral Plantar N
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| Dorsal interossei MM FXN |
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| Dorsal interossei MM NN | Lateral Plantar N
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| Opponens digiti minimi NN |
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| Flexor Digiti Minimi NN |
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| Abductor Digiti Minimi NN | Lateral Plantar N
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