Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password

Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.

Chapter 3: Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Question
Answer
Cell containing a membrane-enclosed nucleus with genetic material; plant and animal cells   show
🗑
Maxim that an increase in reactant concentration causes a chemical reaction to proceed in direction of product formation; the opposite occurs with decreased reactant concentration   show
🗑
Energy necessary to disrupt existing chemical bonds during a chemical reaction   show
🗑
Formation of glucose by the liver or kidneys from pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, or amino acids   show
🗑
A class of breakdown products formed from the deamination of amino acids   show
🗑
Three-nucleotide sequence in TRNA able to base-pair with complementary codon in MRNA during protein synthesis   show
🗑
Membrane-bound cell organelle containing digestive enzymes in a highly acid solution that break down bacteria, large molecules that have entered cell, and damaged components of cell   show
🗑
show "Stop Signal"  
🗑
Strength with which ligand binds to its binding site   show
🗑
Enzyme that catalyzes the reaction CO2+H2O=H2CO3   show
🗑
show Cytochrome  
🗑
show Lactate  
🗑
Rod-shaped or oval cytoplasmic organelle that produces most of cell's ATP;site of krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation enzymes   show
🗑
show Substrate  
🗑
Sequence of enzyme-mediated chemical reactions by which molecules are synthesized and broken down in cells   show
🗑
show Modulator Molecule  
🗑
Cytoplasmic particle that mediates linking together of amino acids to form proteins; attached to endoplasmic reticulum as bound ribosome, or suspended in cytoplasm as free ribosome   show
🗑
Cell junction in which extracellular surfaces of the plasma membrane of two adjacent cells are joined together; extends around epithelial cell and restricts molecule diffusion through space between cells   show
🗑
show Transanimation  
🗑
show Transcription  
🗑
In presence of oxygen   show
🗑
show Centrosome  
🗑
show Coenzyme  
🗑
Proteins required for ribosomal assembly and the establishment of an initiation complex that allows new protein synthesis to begin   show
🗑
Protein and nuclear RNA complex that removes introns and links exons together during gene transcription   show
🗑
show Translation  
🗑
A protein that spans the plasma membrane and contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions; often acts as a receptor or an ion channel   show
🗑
Amino acid that cannot be formed by the body at all (or at rate adequate to meet metabolic requirements) and must be obtained from diet   show
🗑
Mitochondrial metabolic pathway that utilizes fragments derived from carbohydrate, protein, and fat breakdown and produces carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and small amounts of ATP; also called TRI carboxylic acid cycle or citric acid cycle   show
🗑
show Protease  
🗑
show Protein Kinase  
🗑
A complex of proteins capable of denaturing (unfolding) other proteins and assisting in protein degradation   show
🗑
Small intracellular peptide that attaches and directs them to proteasomes   show
🗑
show Active Site  
🗑
show Nuclear Pore  
🗑
show Cholesterol  
🗑
Major nitrogenous waste product of protein breakdown and amino acid catabolizm   show
🗑
Organic molecule that is required in trace-amounts for normal health and growth, but it is not manufactured in the body and must be supplied by diet; classified as water-soluble (Vit C & B complex) and fat soluble (Vit A, D, E, and K)   show
🗑
show Law of Mass Action  
🗑
Double membrane surrounding cell nucleus   show
🗑
show Nucleus  
🗑
Tubular cytoplasmic filament compsed of the protein tubulin; provides internal support for cells and allows change in cell shape and organelle movement in cell   show
🗑
Intracellular fluid that surrounds cell organelles and nucleus   show
🗑
show Chemical Equiliibrium  
🗑
H2O2; Chemical produced by phagosome and highly destructive to macromolecules   show
🗑
Protein embedded in membrane lipid layer; may span entire membrane or be located at only one side   show
🗑
Any molecule or ion that binds to protein surface by noncovalent bonds   show
🗑
Rod-like cytoplasmic actin filament that forms major component of cytoskeleton   show
🗑
Small cytoplasmic body having nine fused sets of microtubules; participates in nuclear and cell division   show
🗑
show Exon  
🗑
Region of cell interior outside the nucleus   show
🗑
show Catalyst  
🗑
show Chromatin  
🗑
show Allosteric Protein  
🗑
show Electron Transport Chain  
🗑
Junction that holds two cells together; consists of plasma membranes of adjacent cells linked by fibers, yet separated by a 20-NM extracellular space filled with a cementing substance   show
🗑
show Fluid-Mosaic Model  
🗑
show Intermediate Filament  
🗑
Region of protein to which a specific ligand binds   show
🗑
show Mutagen  
🗑
show Anabolism  
🗑
Ability of similar molecules to combine with the same binding site or receptor   show
🗑
show Enzyme  
🗑
Nuclear complexes of several histones and their associated coils of DNA   show
🗑
show Histones  
🗑
Any change in badse sequence of DNA that changes genetic information   show
🗑
Hydrophilic proteins associated with cytoplasmic surface of cell membrane   show
🗑
Cell organelle that destroys certain toxic products by oxidative reactions   show
🗑
Rate at which enzyme converts reactant to product; may be measure of the properties of enzyme's active site as altered by allosteric or covalent modulation; affects rate of enzyme-mediated reaction   show
🗑
show Preinitation Complex  
🗑
show Procaryotic Cells  
🗑
Chemical reactions that occur in a living organism   show
🗑
show Golgi Apparatus  
🗑
show Phospholipid  
🗑
Specific nucleotide sequence at beginning of gene that controls the initiation of gene transcription; determines which of the paired strands of DNA is transcribed into RNA   show
🗑
Highly coiled, condensed form of chomatin formed in cell nucleus during mitosis and meiosis   show
🗑
show Nucleolus  
🗑
Transmembrane protein in plasma membrane; binds to specific proteins in extracellular matrix and on adjacent cells to help organize cells into tissues   show
🗑
Cytoplasmic filamentous network associated with cell shape and movement   show
🗑
show Plasma Membrane  
🗑
show Regulatory Site  
🗑
Metabolic intermediate that transfers acetyl groups to krebs cycle and various synthetic pathways   show
🗑
In the absence of oxygen   show
🗑
show Pyruvate  
🗑
show Gap Junction  
🗑
show Essential Nutrient  
🗑
Highly branched polysaccaride composed of glucose subunits; major carbohydrate storage form in body   show
🗑
show Actin  
🗑
show Alpha-Glycerol Phosphate  
🗑
show Allosteric Modulation  
🗑
show Intracellular Fluid  
🗑
Regions of noncoding nucleotides in a gene   show
🗑
show Oxidative Phosphorylation  
🗑
show Codon  
🗑
Series of reactions that generate hydrogen atoms (for oxidative phosphorylation) from breakdown of fatty acids to acetyl COA   show
🗑
The proposed mechanism by which ATP is formed during oxidative phosphorylation, the hypothesis proposes that the movement of protons across mitochondrial inner membranes is coupled with ATP production   show
🗑
Ribonucleic acid that transfers genetic information for a protein's amino acid sequence from DNA to ribosome   show
🗑
Enzyme that removes phosphate from protein   show
🗑
show Irreversible Reaction  
🗑
Addition of phosphate group to an organic molecule   show
🗑
show Primary RNA Transcript  
🗑
Alteration of a protein's shape, and therefore its function by the covalent binding of various chemical groups to it   show
🗑
show Glycolysis  
🗑
show Ribosomal RNA (RRNA)  
🗑
show Gene  
🗑
show Catabolism  
🗑
Enzyme that forms RNA by joining together appropriate nucleotides after they have base-paired to DNA   show
🗑
Membrane-bound vesicle produced by golgi apparatus; contains protein to be secreted by cell   show
🗑
show Cofactor  
🗑
show Reversible Reaction  
🗑
show Signal Sequence  
🗑
Energy necessary to disrupt existing chemical bonds during a chemical reaction   show
🗑
Formation of glucose by the liver or kidneys from pyruvate, lactate glycerol, or amino acids   show
🗑
A class of breakdown products fromed from the deamination of amino acids   show
🗑
show Anticodon  
🗑
Membrane-bound cell organelle containing digestive enzymes in a highly acid solution that break down bacteria, large molecules that have entered cell, and damaged components of cell   show
🗑
show Cilia  
🗑
show End-Product Ihibition  
🗑
show Cell Organelle  
🗑
show Transfer RNA (TRNA)  
🗑
show Genome  
🗑
show Glycocalyx  
🗑
show Cooperativity  
🗑
Amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1 L water by 1 ºC; calorie used in nutrition; also called calorie and large calorie   show
🗑
Cell specialized for triglyceride synthesis and storage; fat cell   show
🗑
show Substrate-Level Phosphorylation  
🗑
One of a class of proteins that act as gene switches, regulating the transcription of a particular gene by activating or repressing the initiation process   show
🗑
Tissue composed largely of fat-storing cells   show
🗑
Reaction in which an amino group (-NH2) from an amino acid is replaced by oxygen to form a keto acid   show
🗑
Intracellular vesicles and tubular elements between golgi apparatus and plasma membrane; sorts and distributes vesicles during endo- and exocytosis   show
🗑
show Rate-Limiting Reaction  
🗑
show Functional Site  
🗑
show Saturation  
🗑
show Tubulin  
🗑
Unit of heat-energy measurement; amount of heat needed to raise temperature of 1 G of water 1 ºC   show
🗑


   

Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
 
To hide a column, click on the column name.
 
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
 
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
 
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.

 
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how
Created by: hanfire
Popular Physiology sets